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Essay Instructions: Write a minimum of a 3 page, 12 point font, double spaced, 1 inch margins, about a new advancement in the field of imaging sciences (sonography, computed tomography (CAT), mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, or radiography). The paper must address the following:
1. what is the new advancement?
2. Why is it significant or what advantage does it provide over the old technology?
3. Are there future conderations to what this advancement might provide?
4. How will this effect patients or technologists in this field?

Essay Instructions: Issue: New Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines; Mammography ??" Should Women Begin Tests At 40 or 50?

Issue paper: You should present a description of the issue and its importance to healthcare professionals and consumers. Then present alternative views of the issue (in some cases, these will be pro/con arguments--e.g. should assisted suicide be permitted; in other cases, these will be presentations of alternative possibilities--e.g. what represents the most effective/efficient reimbursement system). Your paper should follow the format:

Introduction: Why is your topic important? Why did you choose it?
History: What social, scientific, and/or policy events contributed to the current status of the issue? How did we get where we are?
Analysis: What is the current status of the issue? In what ways does it affect your discipline?
Future: What are the potential future scenarios for the unfolding of the issue? What data are available to suggest with scenario will be the one that happens? Which seems best; for what reasons? What could be done to shape the future?

Include citation and references that are formatted consistent with the AMA citation guideline.

7 sources to be used:

Cancer Weekly. Concerned Federal Screening Mammography Guidelines to Limit Access for Younger Women. Susan G. Komen for the Cure. 2010: 1665.

Earthtimes.org. Stick With Older Mammography Recommendations, Stanford Experts Say. March 3, 2010 (Press Release from Stanford Hospital & Clinics).

Hoppel, Ann M. To screen, and when to screen: the mammography age divide. Clinician Reviews. 2009; 19.12.

Journal of the American Academy of Physicians Assistants. USP-STF: no routine mammography for women younger than 50 years. 2010; 23.2, p. 66.

Robb-Nicholson, Celeste. A doctor talks about: Screening mammography. Harvard Women’s Health Watch. 2010; General Reference Center Gold.

Sutton, Sharyn M., Eisner, Ellen J., Bloom, Diane L., and Bloom, Paul N. The Mammography Guidelines Controversy: What Do Women Think? Advances in Consumer Research. 1994; 13: 387-391.

Urrea, Jamee. Mammography: Testing the changes: Survey finds state-run program has scaled back; director cites funding. Lancing State Journal. February 28, 2010.

***With the remaining 3 sources, aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening for different age groups in the new vs. old guideline with a specific focus on research findings (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, etc.) regarding screening outcomes in different age groups.

Essay Instructions: Answer the following questions for each of the three following sources :

Hong Kong's Missing History by lowe kate
http://www.historytoday.com/kate-lowe/hong-kongs-missing-history


One Hong Kong: Two Histories?‘Chinese History’ and ‘History’ in the Hong Kong School Curriculum by Flora Kan / Edward
Vickershttp://www.acsa.edu.au/pages/images/99_kan_one_honk_kong.pdf


SPIEGEL Interview with Taiwan's President
'Sooner or Later, Beijing Will Move Toward Democracy'
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-interview-with-taiwan-s-president-sooner-or-later-beijing-will-move-toward-democracy-a-760296.html


1. The Category of the source
2. Summary of the source’s thesis (do not copy from an abstract ??" write this yourself)
3. A quick list of key points (again, write this yourself)
4. How (specifically) this source can be useful to write about Hong kong history (source 1 and 2) and china mainland history (source3)
5. The specific limitations or drawbacks of the source
6. Contextual information that you find relevant: the biography or credentials of the author, the expertise or reputation of the publication (for a journal or magazine, etc.), how it contributes to an existing conversation.


Example :


Gladwell, M. (2000 ??? 3-March). “John Rock’s Error: What the Inventor of the Birth Control Pill Didn’t Know about Women’s Health.”. The New Yorker , pp. 52-63.
1. Current website
2. Gladwell confronts the notion that modern imaging technology is an unqualified boon to medicine and the military. He compares mammography imaging and satellite intelligence imaging and argues that both have an overrated reputation.

3. Gladwell’s key points:
• Citing medical professionals and studies, he argues that mammograms are not nearly as reliable at detecting breast cancer as people assume.
• Citing military leaders and technology experts, he shows how the military’s super-accurate weapons are hampered by inadequate imaging systems.
• Detecting breast cancer is much more complicated and controversial than the average person understands, and medical professionals are of different minds about whether mammograms ought to be relied upon. Similarly, military experts who read intelligence images (and make decisions about missile launches) often disagree with each other about what they are seeing.

4. This source will be useful in that it complicates the notion that modern imaging technology is an unqualified success story. The author cites more than a dozen medical professionals and military imaging experts to show that we’re not as far along as we’d like to be. Interestingly, a reader could infer that mammograms may never be good enough to detect breast cancer; perhaps we’ve seen the limits of that technology. Although most of his sources are interviews, he cites a few academic studies that could provide me with additional context and inspiration.

5. Limitations: the source deals with x-rays and satellite intelligence images. These are very specific kinds of imaging technology. In a Venn diagram of my proposed essay’s scope, such technology would intersect only at the edges. I am more interested in how digital photography is used in scientific research.

6. Gladwell is a former Washington Post journalist and now writes for the New Yorker. He’s not an academic, but he’s a respected writer. His research is largely transparent, and so his readers could retrace some of his investigative steps and then branch off in another direction. Readers of my proposed paper may recognize Gladwell’s name and know of his professional reputation as an astute interpreter of social practices and patterns. More importantly, some readers might know that he’s made a sort of specialty of using contemporary psychological and sociological studies to help his readers understand the modern world. He has his critics, though. Some find that his narrative approach leads to oversimplification of issues. Some claim that he relies too much on human interest stories and not enough on those psychological and sociological studies.