Essay Instructions: Please use only my resources.
Please cite short sentences if you need; from resources and clearly add, name, year, and page number.
APA references and format.
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Unit 3 Existential, Humanistic, and Transpersonal Perspectives
In this unit you will explore and become conversant with the emergence of the “third force” of existential-humanistic psychology and the “fourth force” of transpersonal psychology. The existential-humanistic movement in modern psychology arose in the 1960’s as a response to the reductionistic, mechanistic, and part-function centered perspectives of scientific psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis (Bugental, J. 1965). James Bugental, one of the most articulate pioneers of this perspective, delineated the basic postulates of a human-centered Third Force, existentially-grounded psychology: the human person exceeds the sum of his/her parts; human nature is always expressed in the context of relationship; and awareness, choice, and intention are essential to human beings. The characteristics of the humanistic orientation in psychology, according to Bugental are: Humanistic psychology cares about man; Humanistic psychology values meaning more than procedure; Humanistic psychology looks for human rather than nonhuman validation; Humanistic psychology accepts the relativism of all knowledge; Humanistic psychology relies heavily upon the phenomenological orientation.; Humanistic psychology does not deny the contributions of other views but tries to supplement them and give them a setting within a broader conception of human experience. (Bugental J. F.T, (1965). The search for authenticity. NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
The Fourth Force of Transpersonal Psychology came out of a growing sense of limitation in the Humanistic perspective by its proponents, especially Abraham Maslow and Anthony Sutich. Transpersonal psychology’s distinguishing characteristic is the focus on “extreme health and well-being, including optimum psychological health and well-being, altered states of consciousness, peak experience, self-realization, and meditation...drawing on the Eastern and Western perspectives.” (Walsh, R., and Vaughan, F., in Boorstein, S. (ed.) (1980). Transpersonal psychotherapy. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books.
Assignment,
Humanistic, Transpersonal, and Existential (HTE) Psychology provide many important critiques of mainstream psychology. In this paper, draw upon what you find the most convincing HTE critiques of mainstream psychology to write a position paper critiquing one or more aspects of mainstream psychology. Write a 8-page position paper in which you defend your position. You must reference a minimum of three required articles for this course on humanistic, transpersonal, and existential psychology. You may also reference scholarly articles beyond this course if you desire. Although a position paper, please be sure to maintain a scholarly tone in your paper and be sure to write this paper in a scholarly tone (i.e., journal articles would be a good model for appropriate tone) and in APA style.
Bugental, J. F. T. (1963).Humanistic psychology: A new breakthrough.American Psychologist, 18, 563-567. (Located in the PsycInfo Database)
deCarvalho, R. (1990). A history of the third force in psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 30 (4), 22-44. (Located in the Sage Journals Online)
Leitner, L. M., & Phillips, S. N. (2003). The immovable object versus the irresistible force: Problems and opportunities for humanistic psychology.Journal of Humanistic Psychology 43, 156-173. (Located in the Sage Journals Online)
Lukoff, D., Lu, F., & Turner, R. (1998). From spiritual emergency to spiritual problem: The transpersonal roots of the new DSM-IV category.Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38, 21-50. (Located in the Sage Journals Online)
Maslow, A. (1969). The farther reaches of human nature. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1 (1), 1-9. (Located in the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology Database)
Schneider, K.J.(1998).Toward a science of the heart: Romanticism and the revival of psychology. American Psychologist, 53, 277??"289. (Located in the PsycInfo Database)
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