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Essay Instructions: The paper is a thesis on human rights violations and multinational corporations, and mainly how to prevent or deter such actions from occurring. The paper should focus heavily on analysis and make recommendations on how to best limit or prevent such violations. This is a law school paper, there should be some inclusion of actual case law, but not to extensive. One of significance would be cases in the US involving the Alien Torts Act. Here is a link to a recent case http://www.nylj.com/nylawyer/adgifs/decisions/040909scheindlin.pdf.

Essay Instructions: Reflection Paper on Perspectives from your Discipline:

This is a 750-1000 word reflection paper on perspectives from your discipline. (My specific discipline is in General Studies with a minor in Psychology and Sociology.) While there are specific readings that are associated with the reflection paper, these readings are to be incorporated into all the readings/thoughts that you have had concerning human rights for your reflection. While these last readings are vital in terms of their topic area, they form part of the total readings for the reflection. Therefore, the reflection paper is not a reflection only about the final readings but all of them. As this is a personal essay, citation is very flexible (e.g., Chicago/MLA is fine). The key is proper attribution. Also, feel free to use ?I? when writing the paper.
Please make sure to address some/all the following questions:

1. What is the relationship between your discipline of study and human rights? Psychology or Sociology.
2. How have human rights made you think differently about your field of study?
3. What can you do within your field of study to improve human rights?
4. How do the readings reflect issues and perspectives within your discipline? Please use resources from the last 3 papers.

Works Cited:
Buergenthal, Thomas. 1997. "The Normative and Institutional Evolution of International Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 19(4): 703-723.
Shestack, Jerome. 1998. "The Philosophic Foundations of Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 20(2): 201-234.
Thoms, Oskar N. T., and James Ron. 2007. "Do Human Rights Violations Cause Internal Conflict?" Human Rights Quarterly 29(3): 674-705.
Hayner, Priscilla B. 1994. "Fifteen Truth Commissions-1974 to 1994: A Comparative Study." Human Rights Quarterly 16(4):597-655.
Mayerfeld, Jamie 2003. "Who Shall Be Judge?: The United States, the International Criminal Court, and the Global Enforcement of Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 25(1):93-129.
Peskin, Victor. 2009. Caution and Confrontation in the International Criminal Court's Pursuit of Accountability in Uganda and Sudan." Human Rights Quarterly 31(3): 655-691.
Donnelly, Jack. 2007. "The Relative Universality of Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 29(2): 281-306.
Farer, Tom J. 2000. "Restraining the Barbarians: Can International Criminal Law Help?" Human Rights Quarterly 22(1): 90-117.
Osiel, Mark. 2000. "Why Prosecute? Critics of Punishment for Mass Atrocity." Human Rights Quarterly 22(1): 118-147.

Essay Instructions: This paper is for a law school senior thesis paper in International Human Rights. It must have endnotes/footnotes included but no minimum amount. The writing style should be similar to that of a LAW REVIEW ARTICLE. Citiation style is known either as "Blue Book" citation or "ALWD" citation within the legal community.

The title of my paper is "Moral Cleansing with Blood: The Effect of U.S. ‘War on Terror’ on the Iraqi LGBT community in Iraq."
My overall research question to be answered is: "Does the US, unable to establish law and order in Iraq, bear some responsibility for the execution of gay Iraqis?"
The thesis should explain US responsibility in allowing religious fundamentalist to gain power and their creation of new laws that violate human rights of gays and lesbians in Iraq and the surge of religious fundamentalist which are going around killing gays and lesbians just for being gay and the failure of the US military to stop or try to stop these people. All should be addressed WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES AND DECLARATIONS. There are several news articles from the NY Times and other sources. If there are law review articles please use those as well.
The paper should should explain something to the effect that because of the failure of the U.S. government to establish a functional democracy after its 2003 “war on terror” and its failure to monitor/prevent human rights violations in Iraqi, hundreds of Iraqi LGBT(lesbian, gay, bi, transgendered) members are being tortured and killed by Shi’ite government official groups and religious fundamentalist groups.
The paper should be mostly policy based, but not 100% policy. You must use and cite to all applicable Human Rights Declarations/Treaties and their specific treaty articles numbers. Some of the applicable treaties include: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights UDHR- Article 2, 3, 7, 9,12, 27, 55; The “Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam; Convention Against Torture- Article 1(1),2(2), 4(1), 16; 1948 Geneva Convention- (prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), -Ratified by Iraq in January 1971; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)-Ratified in Iraq in 1971; International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD); Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW); and the Hague Convention. This is not an exhaustive list.
The paper should include some background on the reason behind the US invasion of Iraq, despite its International Law violation and President Bush's unmerited argument of "anticipatory-self defense." Include the failure to implement a workable stabilization plan in Iraq for post war period prior to invasion as one of the reasons for the chaos in Iraq.
This paper should also discuss the duties that the US assumed by deciding to invade Iraq. These duties can be found by researching the Hague Convention and 1948 Geneva Convention. Duties such as duty to protect rights and not leave the country worse than when it started.
The bulk of the paper should cover the overall thesis and answer the research question which is that because the US invaded Iraq without a plan, and gays and lesbians are being tortured and killed due to the new rise in government power failure of the US to prevent attacks on LGBT community in Iraq and the how the US is implicitly sending a message to the new Iraqi government
The paper should begin with background information about living conditions for LGBT members before the US invaded Iraq and how different they are now. Use 2-3 personal accounts by Iraqi citizens who say that Iraq is worst for them now than it was when Saddam Hussein was in power.
Be sure to include how the US military is also directly contributing to the human right violations by harrassing and torturing gay civilans in Iraq during insurgency raids and inspections. Address how the world is looks to America to be epitomize human rights and we violate them while trying to spread democracy.
The paper should end with some SMALL section of how to resolve the problem the US has created in light of current presidential candidates possible withdraw of troops in Iraq.
The paper should begin with an introduction SECTION (1-1.5 pages)that outlines the sections of the paper. The paper should be divided into sections Part I,Part II, etc....

Below I have outlined some subheadings and issues that I planned to include in the paper. These are just as reference to give you an idea of my direction.

US Failure to Prevent Attacks and Assist Citizens
A. No Public Denouncement by the U.S. State
Department to correct militia behavior
B. No prevention methods or monitoring for Human
Rights violations established
C. Limited Asylum Granted to LGBT members into US

Implicit US Support of Current Iraq Gov.
A. Limited intervention in election process and
failure to prevent Islamic ideals in constitution
B. US government reluctant to condemn religious
leader Sistani because he backed the creation of an elected Iraqi government
C. Account of U.S. military officials repeatedly
turning down pleas for gays who show up in Green Zone in Baghdad.
D. US State Department doing nothing
US Failure to Lead by Example
A. Treatment of LGBT community in the US
B. Treatment of Iraqi Military POWS during this war
C. Treatment of Iraqi gay and lesbian civilians by
the military

Conclusion and Solutions for the problem
A. Creation of gay safe houses and other military protection against LGBT attacks
B. Establish working committees to investigate U.S. military behavior on the battlefield
C. Overall enforcement of international law policies in US and abroad.

Essay Instructions: Analysis of South Africa under the apartheid system. How and why did it begin? What took place under this system? What kind of human rights violations took place? What was the world's reaction to it? What were its impacts? How did it end? Who were the key figures involved?