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Essay Instructions: Answer the questions from video "the properties of Air in First Grade Class."
1. At what level of cognitive development were Jenny's students likely to be? Was her instruction effective for that level? Explain.
? Identify the Piagetian stage of development that children in video were observed to be characterizing.
? Provide reasoning as to why you chose the particular stage of development, both from the evidence observed in the video (two examples provided by Jenny and responded to by her students), and the characteristics of development identified by Piaget in the text.
? In Piagetian terms, explain the importance of using the particular props and materials, especially in relation to the developmental stage of the children in Jenny's class. Include a discussion of the water and vinegar experiment, the paper towel in the glass, and the small group activity. Specifically, why would Piaget concur with Jenny's use of these objects and activities?
? Demonstrate an understanding of Piaget's concepts of assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium in relation to use of these objects.

2. Why was the medium of water important for Jenny's lesson? How does this relate to Piaget's levels of development?
? Explain what specifically makes water an important tool to use in order to clarify the more abstract concept of air.
? Provide at least one example of how water was used in the experiment to help the students better understand the concept of air.
? Discuss the reason as to why it is necessary to use such a concrete item as water for these
children in terms of their current development.

3. How well did Jenny follow constructivist guidelines? What could she have done differently to make the lesson more constructivist?
? Discuss constructivism in terms of the constructs defined and discussed by both Piaget and Vygotsky in the text. What is the basic difference between the approaches of these two theorists?
? Discuss how Jenny adapted constructivist techniques in her class in order to elicit thought and participation on the part of her students, including at least two concrete examples which demonstrate constructivism in this classroom.
? Provide at least one alternative strategy Jenny could have used which is constructivist in nature. Analysis should include advantages and disadvantages of this alternative approach.
4.. Describe how you would teach this lesson to a class of 8th graders. How would you justify any changes?
? Discuss the present developmental stage which characterizes most eighth grade
students in terms of Piaget's stage theory. Provide rationale as to your conclusion.
? Discuss what developmental characteristics found in students of this age might effect the planning of such a science lesson.
? Using this knowledge, discuss how they would set up a science lesson for eighth grade students involving the properties of air, and how such a lesson might differ from that of Jenny.

Essay Instructions: This is 3 pages the first page should answer Question 1 in essay format the second page should answer question 2 in essay format and the third page should answer question 3 the questions should not be incorporated into one paper. Each page should answer each individual question. Each page should have at least two references and its ok to include all the references on one page.


1. Identify one of the challenges to American democracy noted by Hudson and how interest groups have contributed to either the evolution of this problem, or to the resolution of the dilemma.



2. To what extent have interest group lobbying diminished or increased over the last two presidential administrations? Discuss the basis for your impressions.



3. Should interest group activity be curtailed by federal legislation? To the degree that this is practicable and constitutional, would diminishing the power of public interest groups be beneficial for American democracy?




Recommended:



Lopipero, P., Apollonio, D. E., & Bero, L. A. (2007). Interest Groups, Lobbying, and Deception: The Tobacco Industry and Airline Smoking. Political Science Quarterly, 122(4), 635-656.



Calvert, C., Allen-Brunner, W., & Locke, C. M. (2010). PLAYING POLITICS OR PROTECTING CHILDREN? CONGRESSIONAL ACTION & A FIRST AMENDMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FAMILY SMOKING PREVENTION AND TOBACCO CONTROL ACT. Journal of Legislation, 36(2), 201-248.



Prinz, A. (2009). The political economy of smoking regulation and taxation. Public Choice, 141(3/4), 291-303. doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9452-9. Studlar, D. T. (2008). U.S. Tobacco Control: Public Health, Political Economy, or Morality Policy?. Review of Policy Research, 25(5), 393-410. doi:10.1111/j.1541-1338.2008.00343.x











Recommended Web Links


i. General Public Opinion Site

1. http://www.publicagenda.org/

2. http://www.gallup.com/Home.aspx

3. http://www.pollingreport.com/

Essay Instructions: Activity Paper Guidelines

Lifespan Developmental Psychology,
BOOK USED IS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFESPAN 3RD EDITION BY LAURA BERK.


For this Activity Assignment you are to visit a city park and watch the study participants (or, in this case, the kids) at play.
Since you are performing a field study it is very important that you do not interfere with the participants? activities or let them know that you are observing. Spend as much time as you need, but please do not let anyone think that you are stalking your study participants by your observation. You must remain invisible and neutral to any activities the participants might be involved in during your observation period. It might be best to observe a stranger, who is not likely to attempt to involve you in any interaction or activity.

Listed below are the specific requirements you will need to fulfill this assignment.
**NOTE you are to observe one individual and write your entire paper on that one individual only.**

To Do List.
Select the Age range of subject you wish to observe: a. Toddlers, b. Early childhood, c. Middle childhood, or, d. Adolescents.
Decide what setting you would like to observe, the actions of your subject, and set aside up to one hour to perform your observations.
Prior to your observation time, create a detailed CHECKLIST of developmental milestones that you hope to observe. Be prepared to recognize what the developmental norms of that age group you selected should be and document it carefully on your CHECKLIST prior to starting your observation.
The checklist should be included with your paper and placed in the Appendix.
This document should note each of the specific developmental milestones you plan to observe with a detailed description of what you hope to see. It is very important that you chose your age range PRIOR and create your CHECKLIST prior to starting your observation.


The remainder, of these steps, will be documented while you are observing the child at your chosen location. Based upon the questions listed below, you might want to include the requirements in your CHECKLIST so that you are sure to document all the information necessary to complete this assignment.
Guess the subject's age as best you can and jot down the various physical activities the subject is involved in during your allotted observation time.
Observe and discuss the subject's specific physical growth and development.
Observe any gender difference in playful interaction and behavior, if appropriate.
What types of physical activities does the child seem to enjoy most? Is the child involved in solitary play or group activity?
If a parent accompanied the child note carefully the role the parent takes in the child?s activities. Does the parent quietly watch or actively direct? Describe the parenting style and discuss which attachment style they are most likely display.
Provide comments about the child?s activities and gender stereotyping.
Preview Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and identify which stage you think the study participant you observed best describes.
Identify and discuss one other Developmental Theorist in relation to the participant you observed.
Provide any other detail you might find relevant to the observation (such as language development ? if appropriate.)

APA Format

MY ROUGH CHKLIST IS BELOW
Checklist
Middle Childhood

a. Gross Motor Skills ? with a list of specific skills and what those might look like in the child's age range you have chosen. Pg 281(Middle childhood)

a1. Flexibility-Physically more pliable and elastic. ie: Swinging a bat, kicking a ball
a2. Balance-Imporved balance supporting advanced skills in running, jumping, skipping, throwing and rapid change in direction.
a3. Agility-Quicker and more accurate. Forward, backward and sideways motions.
a4. Force- Stronger able to propel themselves farther off the ground when running and jumping.

b. Play ? what activities might your expect a child in your selected age rage to participate in while you are observing. How might a child in that age range be expected to socialize?

c. Attachment styles ? if the child is present with an adult, what attachment style is evident PG 186

c1. Preattachment phase
c2. Attachment in the making
c3. The phase of clear cut

c. Measuring of Security of Attachment

c1. Secure attachment
c2. Avoidant attachment
c3. Resistant attachment
c4. Disorganized-disoriented attachment

d. Parenting styles ? if the child's parent is present, what is his or her parenting style. Pg265
d1. Authoritive child rearing style
d2. Authoritarian child rearing style
d3. Permissive child rearing sytle
d4. Uninvolved parenting

e. Authority Figures ? how does the child react to authority and/or discipline etc.

Essay Instructions: Evaluating the impact of international environmental laws on oil/gas production

The government of Norway as a part of its energy policy is issuing new Licenses to companies for exploration of the Continental Shelf. Formulation of exploration policies is therefore an important part of long-term Norwegian resource management, and these policies have been designed with a view towards making the Norwegian continental shelf attractive to both established and new players who can contribute to efficient exploration. For the authorities, it is important that the licensed area is actively worked. The area comprised by the production license to be awarded is tailored so that companies are awarded only those areas where they have concrete plans.
The Oil Minister has made it clear he supports more oil exploration and drilling, possibly even around areas close to natural reserves and coastal cities. This comes at a time when Norway?s carbon emissions keep rising instead of being cut as promised.
Environmental pressure groups, local community groups, and some government Ministers are not fully convinced that this is the right approach for the government to take at this time and are concern about the environmental impacts of the expansion in exploration and production of oil and gas. They argue that this new expansion policy makes it difficult to reconcile Norway?s role as a major oil and gas producer and its efforts to maintain a credible environmental profile. They believe even with the best precaution, an environmental disaster could result and that expansion at this time is unwise and unsafe.
TARPRO OIL Company (TOC) has been operating in Norway for the last 10 years and is one of the companies that are planning to apply for new Licenses for both exploration and production. They have maintained very close relationships with the environmental movement in Norway and would like to continue to be viewed as an environmentally friendly company and proactive in their approach to protection of the environment. This new expansion could ruin their relationship with these groups. They have therefore decided to review their position before launching their bid for the new License.
You are a Senior Manager of TOC and have been asked by the Managing Director to prepare an analysis of the situation and make recommentions. This will be in the form of a Board Paper for presentation at the next board meeting in which you will provide an evaluation of the situation and a proposal for action for the company.
Required:
Write a Board Paper addressed to the Board of Directors of TARPRO OIL Company (TOC) providing an analysis and advice for the company as to whether they should pursue this application for new licenses in order to expand the company?s operations given the current situation. Provide an action plan for the company as a part of the Board Paper.
Your proposal should take into account the following issues:

? Application of the principles of international environmental law such as

o The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities
o The precautionary principle,
o Sustainable development,
o The Polluter-Pays Principle and the prevention of Transboundary Principle
o The use/exploitation of environmental resources
? Assess the implications on biodiversity, sustainability and health
? Critically evaluate implications of this Licensing project on the local and international environment
? Critically Analyse the regulatory framework and the impact of this project on (national, local, regional and international) compliance standard
? Critically evaluate the role of non-state actors on the enforcing environmental laws
? Develop a step-by-step action plan and recommendations for implementing the proposed expansion project giving consideration to opposing views from the local communities and international pressure groups
? Your analysis and recommendations should also consider the benefits and potential barriers to successful implementation of this project and measures to be adopted to ensure that the project contributes positively to sustainable development.
Further information:

? Format: Board Paper using the standard Template below. The assignment should be submitted as ONE WORD DOCUMENT file saved as Surname-FirstNamesInitial-M026LON-BP. Use Arial or New Times Romans, font of size 11 or 12 and include page numbers. Assignments submitted in pdf will not be marked.
? Word Limit: The word limit for this assignment is 2000 words. The marks of any student who exceeds the word limit by more than 10% (2200 words) will be reduced by 10%. There is not penalty for writing less than 2200 words.
? Referencing: Your assignment should include in-text citations and supported with a full List of References at the end of the assignment. You are expected to use the CULC?s Harvard Referencing Style available in moodle).
? Submission: When you submit your assignment in moodle, you need to include your Student ID Number and the Title of the Assignment (in the Submission Title box)
Assessing the Regular Assessment

Your assignment will be assessed using a rubric (marking criteria). This can be found in the Module Guide for M026LON International Environmental Law. The following interpretations of the learning outcomes will be applied:
LO1 Demonstrate a critical understanding of the rules and principles of international environmental law and policy in the context of the oil and gas industry (20 marks)
? The need for and the development of environmental laws, the factors behind the law: what issues are there to legislate against? What are the compliance standards?
? The principles are linked to key national and international policies/strategies and laws (?hard? and ?soft?) relating to the type of oil/gas production activity under study.
? Disclosures: Should information on policy and law be made available to the public?
? What is the role of non-state actors in shaping international environmental law?
LO3 Analyse and critically evaluate the different mechanisms available to regulators for protecting the international environment within a jurisprudential context (15 marks)
? The need for (an independent) regulator and/or regulatory institution(s)
? Key legislative frameworks (which encapsulate the mechanisms) are fully considered
? The justification of the process of enforcing/implementing environmental laws (e.g. National/international courts, environmental protection agencies, etc)
LO4 Critically evaluate some of the current challenges that governments face in implementing international environmental law and policy (15 marks)
? Comment on responsibilities and obligations of the State (as against other States and relevant stakeholders) with regards to implementation of national and international legal frameworks relating to the impact of the project on the environment.
? Mention the challenge faced in balancing strategic national interest against regional and international obligations. Is there a conflict? What about the interest of the local population?
LO5 Appreciate and critically evaluate the wide range of social, economic and political impacts of the oil and gas industry and the tools needed to manage them (15 marks)
? The impact of oil and gas production on the environment: biodiversity, health, waste, water resources, nuclear energy, climate change.
? The strategies used by oil and gas companies to manage the environmental effects of their oil/gas activities: are there lessons to be learnt from existing approaches?
LO6 Critically review the future development of laws and policies governing the international environment (10 marks)
? The circumstances under which a country should implement national as against international laws when dealing with current environmental issues
? The limitations of existing ?hard? and ?soft? environmental laws: are there precedents that can inform current oil/gas production standards and practices to guard against future environmental damage?

Section B (15 Marks): This component is explained on the marking rubric.

Section C (10 Marks): The component parts of this section are explained on the marking rubric and students were constantly being reminded about their level of attendance and class participation. For class participation, in addition to ?voluntary? contributions (e.g. Lectures and Seminars) students were assigned specific tasks which they have to complete and present to the rest of the class (e.g. Seminars and Group Activity sessions)



........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Template of the board meeting.

M026LON C01: International Environmental Law
Board Paper

Paper Reference: Student ID No.
Date of Paper: DD/MM/YYYY
Title of Paper: Give a suitable title for your board paper
Regular Assessment
************************************************************************************************

Brief Synopsis of the Issue



Recommendation(s)



1. Background
Introduce key issues about the case study and the selected country; describe how your board paper has been organised to explore these issues and to address the assessment requirement (see assessment brief).


2. Impact of Oil/Gas Production on the Environment
The relationship between oil/gas production and the environment within the context of the case study country and company.



3. Oil/Gas Production and International Environmental Law
Types of international environmental laws and how they are expected to protect the environment from the type of project to be undertaken.



4. Critical Evaluation
Critical analysis and discussion making linkages between 1, 2 and 3 above and further justifying recommendations: what are the arguments for and against your recommendations?


5. Implementation of Recommendations
Step-by-step approach to implementing your proposed recommendations; consistency with the type of strategic objectives of the company towards environmental protection.


Signature and Date: Your full name and date of board paper (DD/MM/YYYY)


List of References
Make sure you use CULC?s Harvard Referencing Style Guide

Appendix (if any)
It is advisable to avoid using appendices where possible