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Essay Instructions: Go to http://www.aws.org/technical/facts/index.html and review the following American Welding Society (AWS) safety and health fact sheets. Answer the questions on each.

1. Confined Spaces.
Question: Compare and contrast the confined space recommendations made by the American Welding Society with those of PDF Chapter 13.

2. Chromium and Nickel in Welding Fume.
Question: Using other web resources, compare and contrast the AWS recommendations for controlling exposure to Chromium and Nickel welding Fumes with those of other organizations. If you were the safety professional reviewing the hazards for manual welding involving exposure to these substances, what controls would you establish?

3. Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes.
Question: What are the hazards of thorium? What is the source of thorium exposure during use of thoriated tungsten electrodes? What controls would you specify? Who would have to implement the AWS recommended controls for thorium exposure?


There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that
There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that (hophead) completes this order.

Essay Instructions: You are to write a 1-page paper. There is 1- discussion question that needs to be answered after reading the Case Study.**You are to State the Question first and Continue to answer.** "DO NOT USE OUTSIDE SOURCES"

Bechtel Power Corporation’s Use of Objective Welding Tests

Charles Ligons, an African-American, was a welder at the Iowa Electric Light and Power Duane Arnold Energy Center construction site at Palo, Iowa. He worked at the site for Bechtel Power Corporation. Bechtel required that its welders be qualified in accordance with standards of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code. That code prescribes objective criteria for testing welders on various types of welding work and for placing them into categories: (1) A-LH, under which a welder qualifies to perform general welding job, and (2) AT-LH, involving more difficult welding procedures.

Prior to his arrival at the Palo site, Ligons passed a test that qualified him under AT-LH to perform heliarc welding. During his first week of employment, however, Ligons was required to report to the test shop for training and testing as a result of observations made by a welding engineer of a weld that Ligons had improperly prepared. Following a one-week training period, Ligons has a simple plate welding test but failed the same heliarc welding test she had passed before coming to Palo. Ligons spent several weeks on at least three separate occasions reigning to improve his competence in heliarc welding.

On February 9, approximately 18 months after coming to the Palo site, Ligons was laid off with 58 other welders, all of who were white. Ligons was informed that he was eligible for rehire when more welders were needed. The laid off was a result of a general reduction of the Palo workforce.

Ligons was rehired in September. He required further training and testing for recertification. After about one month of training, he passed only the test qualifying him for the least difficult type of welding. About four months after being rehired, he was again laid off with five other welders.

Ligons believed that race was a motivating factor in the decision to lay him off. Bechtel claimed, however, that its testing procedures for upgrading a welder’s qualifications had a relation to the job for which they were used. It stated that the welding tests were based on objective welding standards set by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Bechtel was contractually bound to ensure that its welders were qualified and that all welding performed on the job complied with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code.

Discussion Question

1.Did the company attempt to help Ligons maintain and upgrade is welding competence?

Essay Instructions: For the Course Project assignment, go to http://www.aws.org/technical/facts/index.html and review the American Welding
Society (AWS) safety and health fact sheets. Answer the following questions on each:
1. Confined Spaces:
Question - Compare and contrast the confined space recommendations made by the American Welding Society
with those found in Chapter 13 of the textbook.
2. Chromium and Nickel in Welding Fumes:
Question - Using other web resources, compare and contrast the AWS recommendations for controlling exposure to chromium and nickel welding fumes with those of other organizations. If you were the safety professional reviewing the hazards for manual welding involving exposure to these substances, what controls would you establish?
3. Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes:
Question - What are the hazards of thorium? What is the source of thorium exposure during use of thoriated tungsten electrodes? What controls would you specify? Who would have to implement the AWS recommended controls for thorium exposure?
Students are required to submit the Course Project typed in MS Word or similar word processing software using the APA style format, double-spaced with 1-inch margins (top, bottom, and sides). Each answer should be approximately 2 pages in length. The project must be submitted in 12pt Times New Roman, and proper APA rules for formatting, quoting, paraphrasing, citing, and listing of sources are to be followed.

Essay Instructions: Answer the questions on each.
1. Confined Spaces.
Question: Compare and contrast the confined space recommendations made by the American Welding Society
2. Chromium and Nickel in Welding Fume.
Question: Using other web resources, compare and contrast the AWS recommendations for controlling exposure to Chromium and Nickel welding Fumes with those of other organizations. If you were the safety professional reviewing the hazards for manual welding involving exposure to these substances, what controls would you establish?
3. Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes.
Question: What are the hazards of thorium? What is the source of thorium exposure during use of thoriated tungsten electrodes? What controls would you specify? Who would have to implement the AWS recommended controls for thorium exposure?