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Essay Instructions: Urbanization
Define the Harris-Todaro Model of migration theory (in your own words) and how the model is highly applicable to many developing nations (specific examples are encouraged).

Additionally define compact development for a sustainable city. Please cite specific examples from Curitiba, Brazil (additional examples are encouraged).

Please answer the following question in essay format.Personal opinion is also encouraged. Your answer must be typed and double-spaced using times new roman 12pt font, and must be a minimum of 3 pages long. You are required to use a minimum of 2 references (which may consist of our class text, published articles, films, or web-based sources; Wikipedia will not be counted as a valid reference). You must additionally provide a reference page and use in-text citations where applicable.

* Please make sure that each paragraph discuss a different idea.

This paper is the deciding factor of my grade, please make sure that this paper is well written/ excellent.
thank you..

Essay Instructions: Urbanization has brought with it many new issues that city planners must tackle to sustain quality of life for residents and to reduce the impact of a large concentration of people on the local environment. Transportation, communication systems, waste disposal, water management, and energy resources are just some of the concerns a city planner needs to address in order to keep the urban environment sustainable and livable. In this Discussion, you will consider some of these issues and examine the similarities and differences of urban growth between developed nations and less-developed nations.

To prepare for this Discussion:

• Review pp. 267??"274 in Environmental Science, and the Department of City Planning sites for New York http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/home.html and Los Angeles http://cityplanning.lacity.org/,
• Imagine you are an urban planner. Choose three urban-growth issues to research and resolve in regard to sustaining an urban environment.
• Consider the differences you might face when addressing these three issues in a developed nation compared to addressing them in a less-developed nation.
• Reflect on which of these three issues is most important, and rank them first, second, and third in a city in a developed nation. How might your ranking choices change for a city in a less-developed nation?
With these thoughts in mind:

Compose a 2 page, double spaced paper consisting of the three issues you identified as associated with urban growth, and the priority you assigned each one. Explain the reasons for your prioritization and how you would resolve these issues in a developed nation and in a less-developed nation.

Be sure to support your ideas by connecting them to this week's Learning Resources or to something you have read, heard, seen, or experienced. Be sure to use at least 2 scientific APA-formatted references for full credit.

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Essay Instructions: Assignment: Urbanization PowerPoint Presentation

•?Review Ch. 7 which discusses the benefits and challenges of urbanization and how the U.N. Conference gave awards for urban development projects that improved human settlements.

•?Read summaries of the 1996 Winners of the Dubai awards on their Web sites at:
o Institutionalizing Community-Based Development:
http://www.unesco.org/most/africa17.htm

o Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) Bank:
http://www.unesco.org/most/asia1.htm

o Shelter Upgrading in Agadir, Morocco: http://www.unesco.org/most/africa3.htm

o City Management in Tilburg: Past, Present and Future:
http://www.unesco.org/most/westeu14.htm

o Banana Kelly Community Improvement Association:
http://www.unesco.org/most/usa1.htm

o Project of Lots and Services for low income population on the North Zone:
http://www.unesco.org/most/southam1.htm

•?Create a 8 slide PowerPoint® presentation that describes environmental benefits and challenges of urbanization. In your own words, include descriptions of two 1996 award winners, discussing how they overcame one of the challenges mentioned in your presentation.

•?Include detailed speaker notes.
•?Include APA guidelines for any citations and references used.



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Essay Instructions: Use the simplest, most efficient citation/format style.

6 double-spaced pages of text plus reference list. If you have maps or figures these can add another 2 pages, or be embedded in the text. You must use at least 5 references. References must come from credible sources…Wikipedia is only good for definitions, not main arguments.

You should use the Saunders text (Arrival City) as an initial reference if he refers to your city or one like it.

You can pursue some of the references he mentions or do Key word searches online.
Formats for sources are flexible--use what you are used to: footnotes or not, references numbered or not
**YOU MUST CONNECT each reference to the part(s) of the paper where it is used***.

e.g. Brown (2002) says or “Goma is overrun with war refugees (2) while Kampala has a stable population (5)”, when referring to references (2) & (5) in your reference list.

DELIVERABLE 'For the following city:

*Chicago*



Discuss:

1) How fast is the city (core or metropolitan area) increasing or decreasing in population? Which urbanization factors discussed in class (e.g. internal migration) are more (less) important? Is the population increase/decrease considered to be fast or slow?

2) What fraction of in-migration is related to the lure of the city, and how much is related to negative factors in the surrounding rural areas or further away?
OR, if there is out-migration, what are the push and pull factors in that case? (anecdotal evidence is fine here).

3) How much of any migration is internal migration (inside the country) and how much is immigration from (or emigration to) other countries? Is there a defined ARRIVAL CITY? You should include a map indicating where one of these is.
What's driving it? e.g. economics, politics, war, shortages of life necessities?

4) How is the city handling the migration? What are the shortages/excesses associated with the migration? Are these problems new, or just aggravations of pre-existing problems? [Housing, transportation, sewage, water, food are all possibilities, depending on whether your city is in the more or less developed world.]

5) What is the outlook for this city over the next 20 years? If it is coping at the moment, will that be the same in the future? Or is it likely to be unable to cope? If it's not coping, will it be in a better (worse, unchanged) position to cope in the future?

In those sections, each of which you should investigate, think WHAT and WHY?
For some of you there may not be much information on all points.
Concentrate on the parts most relevant to your city.

Some additional points:

1) IF you can, tell me to which part of the city the new population is going--old central parts or new suburbs or satellite cities connected by bus or train?

2) What kinds of improvements have there been in the city over the past 10-20 years? How have the improvements been helped by the new arrivals?

3) What kinds of problems are being created in these areas--overcrowding, poor transportation, poor sewage and water systems?

4) How much (what fraction) of the migration is related to the lure of the city and how much is related to negative factors in the surrounding rural areas?

Why, for example, did rural migrants go to that particular city rather than another city? In the rural areas where the population originated, was there one dominant negative factor to life, or a terrible event (say a famine due to an El Nino period which bankrupted half the farmers) or was the rural decay slow and steady and tied to a shift to a new crop requiring fewer farmers per square kilometer?