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Essay Instructions: United Nations Operations in Congo

The United Nations Mission in Congo (ONUC) was launched in July of 1960 to oversee the departure of Belgian armed forces, to help the new Congolese government maintain law and order, while offering technical support. Eventually, the function of the ONUC came to include maintaining the regional integrity and political autonomy of the Congo, averting a civil war, and assuring the removal of all foreign assistance (including military, mercenary and any other advisory personnel not under United Nations Command).


1. Prelude to United Nations involvement
a. Congo gains independence
b. Post independence crisis-causes and effects

2. After request for assistance, UN initiates ONUC
a. Constitutional crisis
1, The government is split
2. The doom of Prime Minister Lumumba

3. Secession of Katanga
a. UN forces tangle with Katangan forces
4. Reestablishment of Congolese government
5. Problems with ONUC
6. Lessons learned from ONUC
7. Conclusion




Suggested Bibliography

Abi-Saab, G. The United Nations Operation in the Congo 1960-1964. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.


Bell, David, Dorn, Walter. "INTELLIGENCE AND PEACEKEEPING." Walter Dorn.org. Available from http://www.walterdorn.org/pub/40.

Lefever, Ernest W. Uncertain Mandate: Politics of the U.N. Congo Operation.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967.


Merriam, Alan P. Congo, background of conflict. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1961.


Ram, Sunil. THE HISTORY OF UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS. Harvey J. Langholtz. New York: United Nations, 2008.


United Nations. "Republic of the Congo - ONUC Background." UN.org. Available from http://www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/Missions/onucB.htm#Establishment.



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Essay Instructions: In an informative essay please explain why the united nations is not a good thing. Give examples, any conflicts they may have caused, waste of time and money, etc...no rush just email me if you have any questions

Essay Instructions: Write essay with body of reponse and conclusion but no introduction. Use and site sources of relevant material, all resources need to be easily retrieved from internet and must not need an account or payment to retrieve the source.

Discuss the priorities for a reform agenda of the United Nations so as to make it a more representive and more effective international organization.

Essay Instructions: Need footnote refernces and bibliography.
Paper use Chicago Tyle Manual or its Turabian offshoot.



The United Nations has an extensive and honorable history of initiating missions of peacekeeping and support for the nation of Haiti. The UN first stepped in in 1986 after the exodus of “President for Life,” Jean-Claude Duvalier, with an observer group (ONUVEH) to oversee the elections. Since that time, the UN has had to step repeatedly and continuously for missions of support (UNMIH, UNSMIH), to aid in periods of transition (UNTMIH), to aid with a civilian police mission (MIPONUH) and the ongoing stabilization mission (MINUSTAH) as Haiti has undergone disaster after disaster. This report will address and discuss these missions and the vital role of the United Nations in support of Haiti.

Anticipated Bibliography
Information Technology Section/ Department of Public Information. "UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN HAITI." United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/unmih.htm. Internet;

Information Technology Section/ Department of Public Information. "UNITED NATIONS SUPPORT MISSION IN HAITI." United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/unsmih.htm. Internet

Peace and Security Section of the Department of Public Information in cooperation with the Department of Peacekeeping Operations. "MINUSTAH." United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/index.shtml. Internet;

Ram, Sunil. History of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Following the Cold War: 1998 TO 1996. Harvey J, Langholtz. New York: United Nations, 2008.

Ram, Sunil. History of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations From Retrenchment To Resurgence: 1997TO 2006. Harvey J, Langholtz. New York: United Nations, 2008.