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Essay Instructions: How President Thomas Jefferson, one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence, feel about an island nation off the coast of the southern United States, populated by former slaves, declaring its independence from France. What were his newly formed policies toward Haiti and why were they established? What motivated his thinking? What was his purpose, and did he successfully accomplish it? Finally, were his policies in line with his professed beliefs in the Declaration of Independence?

Essay Instructions: Hello,
You can select a topic for the term paper from the following list:
1.the colonial merchant ;
2. the economy of the colonial america;
3. mercantilist theory.
Requirements for the term paper:
? Please submit: (a) note cards, (b) an outline of the term paper on the topic, (c) a bibliography or reference list in proper bibliographical or reference-list form.
? submit at least 50 note cards (indicating on the note cards:quoted sentences, the author and the sources) taken from at least 10 distinct sources.you can actually put the content of the note card on a whole page of paper instead of card. Each note card must contain a clear reference to the page or pages of the book or article used as the source of the material on the card.
? The outline must be a clear indication of the form which the term paper would take. It must indicate a clear theme and intelligent coverage and development of that theme.
? The bibliography or reference list must include at least the 10 sources used in the note cards and may include more.
The term paper must be in the following format:
o Its form and style must follow the style of ?manual Kate Turabian?, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed. The most comprehensive guide is the University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. For documenting electronic information, use Citing Electronic Information in History Papers.
o It must contain a bibliography or reference list of materials used. Items in the bibliography or reference list must follow standard scholarly form.
o It must have notes to acknowledge your use of sources, whether paraphrased or quoted directly. The notes must follow standard scholarly form. If you use a bibliography rather than a reference list, the notes may be placed at the bottom of each page or separately at the end of the paper, just before the bibliography.
o It must be original work.
The Use of Sources*
Generally, if writes while looking at a source or while looking at notes taken from a source, a footnote should be given.
Information may be put into a paper without a footnote or some kind of documentation only if it meets all of the following conditions:
? It may be found in several books on the subject.
? It is written entirely in the words of the student.
? It is not paraphrased from any particular source.
? It therefore belongs to common knowledge.
Whenever any idea is taken from a specific source, even when you write the idea entirely in your own words, there must be a footnote giving credit to the author responsible for the idea. Of course methods of documentation vary and it is possible to cite in the text itself rather than in a footnote. The point is that the student should give credit when credit is due and should give the credit in a manner specified by the instructor.
The student is entirely responsible for knowing and following the principles of paraphrasing. paraphrasing means alteration of sentence pattern and changing the words.
Any direct quotation should be footnoted (or documented in an acceptable fashion). Even when you use only one unusual or key word from a passage, that word should be quoted. If a brief phrase that is common or somewhat common is used as it occurs in the source, the words should be in quotation marks. The source of every quotation should be given in a footnote or in the prescribed manner.
Note About Research Materials
Research materials can be compiled from many sources. The Select Bibliography:
Economic Activity in colonial America
? Albion, R. G. Forests and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy
? Bailyn, Bernard. The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century
? Bailyn, Bernard and Lotte Bailyn. Massachusetts Shipping, 1697-1714: A Statistical Study
? Baxter, William T. The House of Hancock: Business in Boston, 1724-1776
? Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America
? Bidwell, Percy W., and John I. Falconer. History of Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620-1860
? Bining, A. C. British Regulation of the Colonial Iron Industry
? Bruce, Philip A. Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (2 vols.)
? ________. Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century (2 vols.)
? Carman, Harry, ed. American Husbandry
? Clark, Victor S. History of Manufactures in the United States, vol. 1
? Curtin, Philip. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census
? East, Robert A. Business Enterprise in the American Revolutionary Era
? Ernst, J. A. Money and Politics in America, 1755-1776
? Fairchild, Byron. Messrs. William Pepperrell: Merchants at Piscataqua
? Galenson, David. White Servitude in Colonial America: An Economic Analysis
? Gray, Lewis C. History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, vol. 1
? Harrington, Virginia D. The New York Merchants on the Eve of the Revolution
? Inness, Stephen, ed. Work and Labor in Early America
? Hedges, James B. The Browns of Providence Plantations, vol. 1
? Jensen, Arthur L. The Maritime Commerce of Colonial Philadelphia
? Johnson, Edgar A. J. American Economic Thought in the Seventeenth Century
? Johnson, Emory R., and others. History of Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States, vol. 1
? Jones, Alice Hanson. Wealth of a Nation To Be: The American Colonies on the Eve of the Revolution
? McCusker, John J. and Russell R. Menard. The Economy of British America, 1607-1789
? Middleton, Arthur P. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era
? Morgan, Edmund S. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia
? Morris, Richard B. Government and Labor in Early America
? Pares, Richard. Yankees and Creoles: The Trade Between North America and the West Indies Before the American Revolution
? Pope-Hennessy, James. Sins of the Fathers: A Study of the Atlantic Slave Traders, 1441-1807
? Rutman, Darrett B. Husbandmen of Plymouth: Farms and Villages in the Old Colony, 1620-1692
? Sachs, William S., and Ari Hoogenboom. The Enterprising Colonials: Society on the Eve of the Revolution
? Schlesinger, Arthur M. Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution
? Sellers, Leila. Charleston Business on the Eve of the American Revolution
? Shepherd, James F., and Gary F. Walton. Shipping, Maritime Trade, and the Economic Development of Colonial North America
? Smith, Abbott E. Colonists in Bondage: White Servitude and Convict Labor in America, 1607-1776
? Tolles, Frederick B. Meeting House and Counting House: The Quaker Merchants of Colonial Philadelphia, 1682-1763
? Tryon, R. M. Household Manufactures in the United States, 1640-1860
? Ver Steeg, Clarence L. Robert Morris: Revolutionary Financier
? Weeden, W. B. Economic and Social History of New England, 1620-1789 (2 vols.)
? White, Philip L. The Beekmans of New York in Politics and Commerce, 1647-1877

Thanks,
Lily

Essay Instructions: I would like an original, one-of-a-kind Literature review written for me on the topic of: Developing a Computer Training Program to Enhance Technology Integration by School Administrators.

How can I obtain the hard copies of the research that was reviewed? This is my concept paper which was approved:



Developing a Computer Training Program to Enhance Technology Integration by School Administrators

Introduction
Technology leadership is no longer just for the techno-savvy leaders; technology is now used everywhere. As technology becomes more common it is imperative that leaders update their skills and begin to integrate technology into their leadership techniques. The use of computer technology on office desktops for document publishing, business-to-business communication, and organizational records is now an accepted norm (Phillips, 2001). Using technology produces a more productive and professional leader. Technology reduces the hassle of administrative responsibilities while also providing ongoing opportunities for growth and learning for leaders and employees.
The setting where this study is to take place is a public school located in the southern United States. The school is an elementary school and is associated with the neighboring university and often collaborates on projects and studies. The school serves about 700 students and has over 30 teachers currently. The educational facility consists of approximately 40 classrooms and 3 technology laboratories. The media center has a variety of resources available for teachers, students and staff to take advantage of. The target school is comprised of a variety of students ranging in age and gender. The leaders located at the target school are also a diverse group with respects to age, gender and ethnicity. The leaders consist of 3 administrators and 3 guidance counselors. The beneficiaries from this study will be the leaders that will gain knowledge by allowing them to be better integrators of technology resources.

Statement of the Problem
A problem that exists is that leaders of the target school lack the technology skill level to integrate technology resources into the K-12 classroom. This study is designed to enhance the integration of technology tool by school principals. Leaders should know how to integrate technology into their organization to improve efficiency for themselves as well as to participate in a technological society. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop and study the effectiveness of integrating technology resources to enhance technology integration by school leaders. In this study the identified problem is that leaders lack the technology skill level needed to integrate technology into their organizations. Principals should not overlook necessary technology skills for their own purposes as well as for the student?s benefit.

Purpose of the Project
The purpose of this study will be to educate and train school leaders in the current uses of technology tools and resources available to them. The study will: (a) identify technology resources available to support a variety of leadership strategies, (b) develop and validate an instructional training program for leaders, and (c) develop strategies for evaluating the effectiveness of the training program. This program will identify weaknesses and strengths of the school leaders. The program will include recommendation and procedures that will train leaders how to integrate technology resources into their own leadership style and practices. This research project will determine entry skills prior to beginning the program. These skills will be determined by a need analysis. Questionnaires, personal interviews, pre and post-surveys will be completed, as well as a follow-up performance exam as a demonstration the programs effectiveness. Based on the data collected, the identified deficiencies of the target leaders will determine the content of the technology training program designed.
Modern use of technology can provide people with opportunities that were impracticable in the past. Through the use of a training program, principals will receive up-to-date technology training about computer integration strategies. Technology has become an integral part of education and society; therefore the training program will focus on practical hands on application up-to-date technology resources. Technology leadership can be many different things. On some occasions it can take a hazardous situation and make it better. In some instances technology leadership can bring a profit to a struggling business or organization. This program is necessary to prepare principals for success in any school setting public or private.

Initial Research Questions
This research project will seek to provide answers to specific research questions. They are:
1. What types of technology skills are needed by leaders to complete their objectives?
2. In what way are principals integrating technology resources into their school and what if any barriers exist?
3. How could principals effectively receive training and support strategies in the uses of technology integration?
4. How can leaders increase their technology skills awareness by completing the technology training program?
5. Based on the literature is a technology literate leader more effective at leading?

Methodology and Research Design
This study will utilize a model of development methodology to develop a program to educate and train school leaders in the current uses of technology tools. The final product of this study will be a series of online computer training modules designed for principals to receive computer training in a variety of applications and resources currently available to them. The development methodology was selected due to the need for principals to have a physical product to receive training on.
This study is designed to last eight months and it is paramount that the target school leaders complete the training modules online due to nature of the program and the time restrictions that burden the leaders. During the first week of study participants will be selected, surveyed and interviewed. It is important that members or stakeholders of the organization understand the necessity for the change in skill level and how the change will benefit the entire school organization. Establishing a pre-skills and post-skills level is best accomplished by having participants complete a pre-survey and a post-survey. The process begins by measuring and understanding the leader?s knowledge base of technology prior to implementing the training sessions. The same survey and follow up interviews will be conducted after the training workshop to determine achievement of the goals.
Based on a recent informal interview conducted by this researcher within the organization approximately 75% of the leaders are not comfortable using technologies for anything more than email communication and simple word processing. According to an informal interview, the problem is that professional development has not been sufficient to educate leaders in the areas they are deficient. According to Daley (2001) professionals must make meaning by moving back and forth between continuing education, professional development, and their professional practice.

Potential Outcomes
Providing a computer training program to educate school principals about the technology integration tool available to them is the goal of this study. It is anticipated that this training program will allow leaders to make a more informed decision about what tool to purchase or use for education instruction. Furthermore, by possessing certain technology skills it anticipated that student attainment of technology competencies skills will positively be affected based on the integration strategies of the school leader.
Technology leadership is about being open to new ideas and creative trends in a changing market. Technology is here to stay and organizations that are prepared to utilize it are at an advantage over those who are reluctant. Successful technology leaders must be able to manage, articulate, and demonstrate the benefits of using technology in their organization (Phillips, 2001). Technology provides for opportunities to lead at a distance and promotes interaction that may otherwise not be possible.