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Essay Instructions: Revenue Sources Generation

INSTRUCTIONS:
*Using the project agency for the development of the grant application (Appalachian Trail Conservancy http://www.appalachiantrail.org/)
*reading assignment relating to revenue sources (will send via fax)
*summary of organization document (will be sent via fax)
*Using the example of Figure 8.2 on page 93 of the reading, and the example of a NP revenue structure as models for format, create a Revenue Structure for the agency.

1. Under each of the five major income types,IDENTIFYall the specific examples of revenue used or could legally be used for the agency (Appalachian Trail Conservancy). Provide a written justification if you think there are types of income (from the five) that are not suitable for the agency.

2. Using the provided format models, create a revenue structure showing your assessment of the appropriate percentiles for the specific example of income you provided in Step 1. NOTE: All the percentiles added together must equal 100%.

3. The pie chart must be in color, but does not have to be broken apart as in the example on page 93 of the reading.

4. You may provide a color key, if desired, for the pie chart if you are having difficulty getting the text to fit the document around the pie.

Types of Income
Compulsory

Gratuitous

Investment

Earned

Contractual receipts


There are faxes for this order.

Essay Instructions: Revenue Administration and Tax Mix



The major limiting factor in determining the size of a budget in the public sector is the capacity to tax or generate revenue. To compute fiscal capacity, a representative tax system should assess the level of personal income, the value of retail sales, and the value of property. However, there are other areas that governments should focus on when striving to ensure and maintain revenue generation. Diversifying a revenue portfolio is paramount, especially when the economy takes a downturn. In this Application, you will evaluate whether a hypothetical city has an adequately diverse tax mix, and recommend possible actions to improve its tax base.



To prepare for this assignment:



?Review the selected readings from Chapters 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Fiscal Administration: Analysis and Applications for the Public Sector, focusing on tax mix and revenue administration.

?Review this week's course media, "Budget Management Functions: Revenue," and focus on the need for achieving a diverse revenue portfolio.

?Reflect on the need of governments to achieve a balanced tax mix to ensure revenue generation regardless of external limiting factors.

?Think about ways in which a public organization could diversify its tax mix.

?Consider the following scenario for use in this Application:

The City of Swobodaville, a city in the lower Midwestern states, has not analyzed its tax base for a number of years. A new mayor, elected on a fiscally conservative platform, orders the city manager to conduct such an analysis. The mayor argues that the real tax base has declined in the previous five years. Part of the analysis shows a recent, although small, trend of businesses leaving the city for the suburbs. At the same time, the population is aging. The number of retirees has increased noticeably, but not significantly, in recent years. The analysis reveals that the real tax base has declined slightly in three of the previous five years and increased slightly in the other two years. It also shows that the tax collection rate has fallen off from 95 percent to 93 percent. The city analyzes its position with comparator cities. The following is discovered:



Type of Tax

Personal Income: Comparator: 11%; Swobodaville: 14%

Corporate Income: Comparator: 7%; Swobodaville: 6%

Sales Tax: Comparator: 39%; Swobodaville: 36%

Property Tax: Comparator: 38%; Swobodaville: 36%

Other Taxes/Fees: Comparator: 5%; Swobodaville: 8%



The assignment: (1?2 pages)



?Analyze the tax mix of Swobodaville. In your analysis

?Explain whether the different tax types represent a good mix of revenue for the city.

?Describe any actions the city should take regarding its tax base.

?Explain what else you would need to know to conduct a more complete analysis of the tax mix situation in Swobodaville.

Essay Instructions: ? Revenue Administration and Tax Mix
The major limiting factor in determining the size of a budget in the public sector is the capacity to tax or generate revenue. To compute fiscal capacity, a representative tax system should assess the level of personal income, the value of retail sales, and the value of property. However, there are other areas that governments should focus on when striving to ensure and maintain revenue generation. Diversifying a revenue portfolio is paramount, especially when the economy takes a downturn. In this Application, you will evaluate whether a hypothetical city has an adequately diverse tax mix, and recommend possible actions to improve its tax base.
To prepare for this assignment:
Focus on tax mix and revenue administration.
Focus on the need for achieving a diverse revenue portfolio.
Reflect on the need of governments to achieve a balanced tax mix to ensure revenue generation regardless of external limiting factors.
Think about ways in which a public organization could diversify its tax mix.
Consider the following scenario for use in this Assignment:
The City of Swobodaville, a city in the lower Midwestern states, has not analyzed its tax base for a number of years. A new mayor, elected on a fiscally conservative platform, orders the city manager to conduct such an analysis. The mayor argues that the real tax base has declined in the previous five years. Part of the analysis shows a recent, although small, trend of businesses leaving the city for the suburbs. At the same time, the population is aging. The number of retirees has increased noticeably, but not significantly, in recent years. The analysis reveals that the real tax base has declined slightly in three of the previous five years and increased slightly in the other two years. It also shows that the tax collection rate has fallen off from 95 percent to 93 percent. The city analyzes its position with comparator cities. The following is discovered:
Type of Tax
Personal Income: Comparator: 11%; Swobodaville: 14%
Corporate Income: Comparator: 7%; Swobodaville: 6%
Sales Tax: Comparator: 39%; Swobodaville: 36%
Property Tax: Comparator: 38%; Swobodaville: 36%
Other Taxes/Fees: Comparator: 5%; Swobodaville: 8%
The assignment: (1?2 pages)
Analyze the tax mix of Swobodaville. In your analysis
o Explain whether the different tax types represent a good mix of revenue for the city.
o Describe any actions the city should take regarding its tax base.
o Explain what else you would need to know to conduct a more complete analysis of the tax mix situation in Swobodaville

Essay Instructions: There are three main parts to this case that requires you to prepare and submit a three to five page paper. Please make sure this paper is well organized and covers all of the items below.

Part I.



* Why is revenue recognition a significant issue? How do we determine when revenues are recorded for accounting purposes?
* Explain the difference between a product and period expense.
* Discuss the matching concept as it relates to accounting for revenues and inventory.



Part II. Refer to the latest annual financial statements for the two following companies: Apple and Philips. Generally, this information is found in the Investor Relations area of the website.

Clearly identify the companies, the time period, and include the link to the financial statements you are analyzing in your report.



* What accounting conventions do the two companies follow, US GAAP or IFRS?
* Locate the income statement for the past two years for both companies. Prepare a table comparing five items or more from each statement.
* Comment on the changes from one year to another. Is the company doing better or worse? Did revenues and expenses increase or decrease?
* Is it easy to discern trends or compare the information from year to year and between the two companies? Please, comments on both aspects and show some examples.



Modular Case Assignment Expectations:

The submission should be 3 to 5 pages and need to include answers to all the questions listed above. Show computations, discuss the results and include references in APA format.