Essay Instructions: RELIGIOUS STUDIES: Essay/Case Study Guidelines
Short Essay/Case Study: Minimum 650 words - Double spaced, 12 Times New Roman APA style.
Text: God Is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions That Run the World--and Why Their Differences Matter by Stephen Prothero
A well-constructed essay will include a short Introduction to the topic, a Thesis statement or argument, and a short Conclusion. The majority of your essay should support and defend your thesis statement (argument). Please do not summarize the text, but rather, make a statement/argument and use the text to support your thesis. Assume the reader of your essay is familiar with the text already. You will write 2 short essays and 1 long essay. You may choose to use this short essay as a primer for the long essay. While the essays will have different content, you may try out ideas or arguments in this essay that you would like to explore later.
For this essay, choose any topic within the text(s) that you find interesting or provocative. Either use one of the prompts below, or come up with your own. It’s OK to disagree with the author or philosopher you are writing about. The major goal of the essay is to show engagement with the text(s).
For each unit, choose one of the following topics:
Unit 2 ??" Islam
1. The birth of Islam. The story of the growth of Islam is a remarkable one. In 610 CE, the Prophet Muhammad received the word of God on a lonely mountaintop just outside the holy city of Mecca in present-day Saudi Arabia. A century after his death in 632, belief in the message he had received had spread westwards along the coast of North Africa as far as Spain, and in the opposite direction all the way to the Himalayas. At first Allah’s revelations to Muhammad were shared orally, but after his death they were written down as the Qur’an ??" a word that means ‘recitation.’
2. The Pillars of Islam. Islam teaches that faith must come first and that it cannot be tailored or compromised to fit around secular lives. At the heart of the commitment it demands are the “Pillars of Islam,” a concept shared by all branches of the religion. These pillars ??" numbers vary between the different Islamic traditions ??" represent the duties incumbent on every Muslim if they are to lead a good and responsible life in line with Allah’s teaching. They shape the daily lives of the one-billion-plus Muslims worldwide.
3. Sunni and Shi’a. Within all religions there are various traditions, sects and groups, often separated from each other by disagreements that took place many centuries ago. In the 50 years following the death of the Prophet, a split appeared in Islam between the majority, the Sunni, and a radical minority, the Shi’a, who felt they were closer to the Prophet’s life and example. At the same time as Islam was spreading both west and east at great speed, there was a fundamental breach at its center. The legacy of this schism 1300 years ago remains part of the Muslim world to this day.
4. The heart of Islam. The phrase “the heart of Islam” refers to the Sufi mystical tradition. As Islam expanded into empire in the ninth and tenth centuries, it turned increasingly to jurists, who worked to distil the wisdom of the Qur’an, the Hadith and the Sunnah into the codes of Shar’iah law, a system that would give structure to society. Sufism was a reaction against this dry legalism, stressing love above justice. Its often uninhibited ceremonies, including songs and dancing, render it suspect in the eyes of many orthodox Muslims, but it remains a powerful force within the Islamic tradition.
5. Militant Islam. In the twentieth century, many rulers of Muslim countries rejected what they saw as a medieval past by attempting to separate religion and politics. Ataturk in Turkey, Nasser in Egypt, Jinnah in Pakistan and the Shah in Iran were all encouraged by Western governments in their efforts to move with the times ??" insisting on modern dress, replacing Shar’iah with a civil legal system, and sidelining or exiling clerics. Such huge changes, however, inevitably provoked a backlash, and the later decades of the twentieth century and the opening of one of the twenty-first have seen the rise of a new form of militant Islam.
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