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Essay Instructions: Please use the uploaded excel file which is named excel for abondoned buildings to anwser the requirements for the essay

Requirements for Essay
1.DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

a.Independent Variable
I. Using descriptive statistics in SPSS(is a software package used for statistical analysis. It is now officially named "BM SPSS Statistics.) get the mean,median,mode,and range for your INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.Describe what you found.

II. Using Excel summarise your INDEPENDENT VARIABLE in a table and range chart.You must illustrate TWO tables and Two charts for the independent variable.You can include additional tables and charts if you desire,but I suggest doing the requirements first.Describe the results.What interesting trends or patterns do you see?
1.Label your tables and charts with the table/figure number followed by a descriptive title.For example:
a.Table 1.(add title)
b.Figure 1.(add title)
c.Table 2.(add title)
d. Figure 2 (add title)

b.Dependent Variable
I.Using the descriptive satistics in SPSS get the mean,median,mode, and range for your DEPENDENT VARIABLE.Describe what you found.
II. Using Excel summarise your DEPENDENT VARIABLE in a table and chart.You must illustrate TWO tables and TWO charts for the independent variable.You include additional tables and charts if you desire.Describe the results.What interesting trends or patterns do you see?
1.Label your tables and charts with the table/figure number followed by descriptive title.For example
a.Table 3. (add title)
b. Figure 3 (add title)
c.Table 4. (add title)

C.Both Variables
I. Using Excel create ONE table with both variables. This should b ?Table 5?. For example, if I am interested in U.S. Unemployment rates and violent crimes rates for all 50 States I will create one table including four variables: state, population, violent crime rate,and unemployment rate.

IMPORTANT: Email me the excel file (one file) you used to crate these tables. You will lose credit if you do not send me the excel file.

2. Scatterplot (20 points)
a. Using SPSS crate a scatterplot. Make sure your variables are on the correct axes.
b. Copy and paste the SPSS scatterplot into essay #4
c. Discuss what type of relationship you see. You should describe three things; the form of the relationship; the direction of the relationship; and the precision of the relationship.
d. Print out the SPSS output. Hand in the output with your paper. You will lose points if you fail to hand in the SPSS output.

3. Bivariate Correlation
a. Using SPSS run a correlation
b. Copy and paste the correlation matrix into essay #4
c. Interpret the results. Is there a significant relationship between your variables?

E. Print out the SPSS output. Hand in the output with your paper. You will lose points if you fail to hand in the SPSS output.

4. Mechanics

a. Title page (follow APA style)
b. Presentation of tables ( be sure all tables and figures are in the same front; with the appropriate titles).
c. Spelling and grammar.
I. Make sure your paper is free of spelling and grammatical errors. Checks and grammar check. You will also lose points if I cannot understand one or more sentences.

d. References Page & Citations
I. You should include a reference page with the full citation for the two data sources you are using in this essay. If you use additional sources also include them on the reference page. Since this is your analysis you should not need any source- this is your original work.

Please make sure the PROPERTY CRIME RATE IS ON THE Y-AXIS AND THE RENTAL VACANCY RATE IS ON THE X-AXIS.

PLEASE ALSO DONT FORGET TO Email me the excel file (one file) you used to crate these tables. You will lose credit if you do not send me the excel file.

Also,for the scatter plot i need to have a Print out the SPSS output. Hand in the output with your paper. You will lose points if you fail to hand in the SPSS output

Fpr the Bivariate Correlation i need to have a Print out the SPSS output. Hand in the output with your paper. You will lose points if you fail to hand in the SPSS output. thank you.

Please the table to use to do all this have been uploaded.

Essay Instructions: The Uniform Crime Reports posted by the FBI are an excellent resource when studying crime trends and many states have their UCR data posted on the internet. You can find these by a simple “Google” search: [state] UCR statistics (e.g., Florida UCR statistics) – make sure that in the paper you include the URL used to obtain your statistics. Your task is to choose a state and compare the state-level statistics with the nationwide statistics. You will write a formal paper summarizing the results of your comparisons.

With regard to the crime rates in your chosen state (FLORIDA), look at ANY 5 consecutive years and focus on these two crime index offenses:

Violent crime - Murder and non-negligent homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault

Property crime – burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson

From year to year, did trends in your state mirror those nationwide? Where are the biggest discrepancies?

From year to year, did trends in your state increase or decrease?

Give the percentage change from year to year AND from the first year to the fifth.

Were there any years that stood out? For example, homicide rates in 2004 may have been much lower or higher than rates in the previous year and in the subsequent year.

What crimes are not reported in the data? For these crimes, how do you think their rates would compare to the rates of those reported?


1. Paper should be 10-12 pages in length (double-spaced)

2. Begin your paper with an introduction about the UCR, the history of the UCR and the sampling methods used by the UCR. Make sure the reader understands the type of data you are summarizing and any shortcomings the UCR has that affects its ability to accurately reflect true crime incidents in each area (e.g., reporting issues, sampling problems, the hierarchy rule, etc.). Also be sure to introduce the index offenses and give a brief definition of each.

3. As you write your paper, addressing each of the questions posed above, do so in paragraph format – you are writing a formal paper - DO NOT use point form. The grammar and flow of your paper will be part of your grade.

4. Use tables and/or charts to depict the relationships and results you discuss. These should NOT be directly cut and paste from the online sites – create your own, focusing only on what is important to communicate to the reader.

Essay Instructions: Cohen, L. E., Kluegel, J. R., & Land, K. G. (1981). Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 505??"524.

What do Cohen, Kluegel, and Land say are the five main risk factors for criminal victimization? What are the authors of this article saying is the main cause of property crime? What do they say about how guardianship is related to income level?

After you have analyzed Cohen, Kluegel, and Land’s article, you should show how it relates to the other course material. What do Sacco and Kennedy say in the textbook about guardianship, income levels and proximity (victims and offenders intersecting in time and space)? What does the Study Guide say about these topics? Since this is the last essay, you may wish to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of other sections of the Study Guide and textbook that deal with similar or related issues (e.g., anomie, routine activities, etc.).

You may also wish to read the following article, and compare/contrast it with the Cohen, Kluegel, and Land article:

Blau, J. R., & Blau, P. M. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47(1), 114??"129.
There are faxes for this order.

Essay Instructions: Research large local agency crime trends at the Bureau of Justice Statistics web site at http://bjsdata.ojp.usdoj.gov/dataonline/Search/Crime/Local/LocalCrimeLarge.cfm

Find five cities of comparable population and compare the rates of violent crime, property crime, and index crime for the years 2001-2004. Refer to the readings and instructor's example for methods to compare crime statistics. Do a search on the Internet to find the police department web sites for the cities you have selected. If a city does not have a police department web site, select another city that does so that you have a total of 5 police department web sites. Evaluate the quality of information posted on the web sites and determine if the cities have crime analysis units and/or crime mapping. Respond by writing a 300-word summary of your findings and post.

Which cities have the most crime? Is crime going up and down in the cities you have examined? What do you think accounts for the changes in the crime rates? What information supports your reasoning?