Essay Instructions: Please list sections according to instructions
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Exercise 1.1: Review of Research Study and Consideration of Ethical Guidelines
Option 1: Stanford Prison Experiment
• Go to: http://www.prisonexp.org , the official site for the Stanford Prison Experiment.
Research questions:
• What do you think the research questions were in this study? List 2 or 3 possible research questions (in question format) that may have been the focus of this experiment.
Data Collection Methods:
• Identify the methods used to collect data in this study.
• Who were the participants in the study? Did they volunteer or were they selected? If selected, how were they selected? Were they free to leave the study?
• What about anonymity and confidentiality of the participants?
• Issues of informed consent? Even if participants sign informed consent forms, if they begin to get harmed or show signs of distress, physically or psychologically in an experiment (or interview), should the researchers intervene?
Ethical concerns:
• Using the ASCA and/or APA Code of Ethics, discuss some of the ethical codes that applied to the study you reviewed.
• Do you believe the researchers acted ethically? Support your answer with documentation from the ASCA or APA Code of Ethics
• How did the outcome of this experiment impact the future of research?
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Exercise 1.2: Definitions and short answers
• What are some of the purposes of research?
• Identify four steps of the scientific method.
• What is a research question? Make up and write 3 research questions using topics of personal interest. Be sure to properly state the research question.
• Identify independent and dependent variables
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Exercise 1.3: Evaluation of a Research Study
Read the research article (supplied by the instructor via eCmail) to answer the following questions. Cite your sources (using APA format) to support your answers whenever it is appropriate.
• What was the purpose of this study?
• What was the research question that was studied in this experiment? (If you believe there are more than one research question, list each one.) Be sure to write the research question as a question.
• Identify the independent and dependent variable of this study.
• What was the hypothesis that was being tested?
• Who were the participants? How were they selected?
• What methods were used to collect data to test the hypothesis?
• What ethical codes applied to this study or should have been considered? Was the researcher ethical (why or why not)?
• What were the outcomes of this study? What data were obtained and how was it used?
• Do you think this was a good study? Why or why not?
• What changes would you make to this study (if any)? Other comments?
Exercise 2.1. This exercise has three parts (A, B, & C). Please read each section carefully then complete the chart on page 2.
Part A: Variables of Quantitative Research Studies
Complete the form on page 2-3. Using the short descriptions listed below identify the variables of the studies. In your answer, determine whether the study has one or more independent variables, dependent variables (outcome variable), variables that are related to one another but are not clearly dependent or independent, or a descriptive variable that can be analyzed through survey research.
Study 1: The effects of aerobics on depression of individuals in a beginning aerobics class.
Study 2: The relationship between multicultural counselor training and sensitivity toward clients of different cultures.
Study 3: An examination of the types of ethical complaints made against licensed professional counselors.
Study 4: The relationship between scores on the graduate record exam and achievement in graduate school.
Study 5: The effects of anti-depressant medication on depression.
Study 6: If group guidance techniques affects the self-esteem of children whose parents have recently divorced.
Study 7: An analysis of the career development needs of first-year college students.
Study 8: The effectiveness of drug and alcohol intervention programs on substance abuse by adolescents.
Study 9: The impact of participation in a credit recovery program on student graduation rates.
Study 10: Diabetes and obesity.
Part B: Population
Complete page 2-3: Identify the population being examined in each of the above studies.
Part C: Hypothesis and Research Questions
Complete page 2-3: Develop a research question, a null hypothesis, and/or a directional hypothesis for each study listed.
Complete the information below based on Parts A, B, & C.
Study 1:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 2:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 3:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 4:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 5:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 6:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 7:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 8:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 9:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Study 10:
• Independent Variable:
• Dependent variable:
• Population:
• Research Question:
• Hypothesis:
Exercise 2.2. To complete this exercise, read the research study provided to you by the instructor.
1. What was the purpose of this study?
2. What was the research question that was studied in this experiment? (If you believe there are more than one research question, list each one.) Be sure to write the research question as a question.
3. Identify the independent and dependent variable of this study.
4. What was the hypothesis that was being tested?
5. Who were the participants? How were they selected?
6. What methods were used to collect data to test the hypothesis?
7. What ethical codes applied to this study or should have been considered? Was the researcher ethical (why or why not)?
8. What were the outcomes of this study? What data were obtained and how was it used?
9. Do you think this was a good study? Why or why not?
10. What changes would you make to this study (if any)? Other comments?
Assignment 3: Assignment 3 consists of exercise 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4.
• 3.1: Submit research question for instructor’s approval
• 3.2: List and describe Threats to internal validity
• 3.3: Validating Qualitative Research
o Note: Two studies (ethnographic & historical) will be provided by the instructor
• 3.4: Comparison between quantitative, qualitative, and evaluations
o Note: study to critique will be provided by the instructor
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Exercise 3.1: Research Question
In the space below, write a research question that you would like to design a research proposal around. This should be on a topic that you find interesting since you will be required to read a number of other studies related to it. Be sure to write the research question being careful to consider the variables. Do not write a question that solicits a yes/no response.
Exercise 3.2: In the space below, list and describe some of the threats that may compromise the internal validity of a study.
Exercise 3.3: Validating Qualitative Research
Ethnographic Research: Read the study (Part C, Ethnographic) provided by the instructor and using the questions below developed by McMillan and Schumacher (1993), assess the quality of the research.
1. How long was the field residence? What social scenes were observed? Which participants were interviewed?
2. Were the selection criteria reasonable for the purpose of the study?
3. What was the research role assumed by the ethnographer? How did this role affect data collection?
4. What was the training, background, and previous field work experience of the ethnographer?
5. Did the ethnographer actively seek different perspectives? Were multiple data collection strategies employed?
6. Is the evidence presented, such as the use of participants’ language, appropriate for an inductive analysis?
7. Are the limitations of the data collection strategies recognized?
Historical Research: Read the study (Part C, Historical) provided by the instructor and assess the quality of the study.
1. Is the topic appropriate for historical research?
2. Does the problem statement identify the topic to be explored and the viewpoint of the researcher? Is it not too broad?
3. Does the study use secondary sources even though primary sources are available?
4. Are documents understood within their historical context??"within the context of their time?
5. Are multiple methods of data collection used to validate and conclusions that are drawn (triangulation)?
6. Are the explanations and conclusions reasonable?
7. Are any generalizations made reasonable?
8. Do the explanations show complex thinking and multiple perspective taking? (Does the researcher present various perspectives when interpreting the research??"all of which may hold some truth?)
Exercise 3.4: Comparison between Quantitative and Qualitative research, and Evaluations.
In the space below, describe the major differences between quantitative and qualitative research studies and evaluations. Be sure to include a brief discussion of when they are most beneficial to use.
Quantitative Studies:
Qualitative Studies:
Evaluations:
Review the study (Assignment 3, Part D) provided by the instructor and answer the questions that follow.
1. What type of study was conducted by the researcher?
2. What were the variables?
3. Who were the participants?
4. What kind of sampling was used to select the participants?
5. What methods were used to collect data?
6. What conclusions or findings were obtained?
Part B: Case Analysis Project
Refer to Fed Ex. Using the Big Five Model of personality, prepare a SWOT analysis of Fred Smith’s CEO leadership skills. The case should revolve around four identified areas (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) in terms of the Big Five model of personality to support leadership skills. Research beyond the text may be required. Note grade is based on critical thinking content development and proper grammatical format. Section B should contain no more than four pages, single-spaced. Return Part B as a separate file with the answer
Part C: Graduate Project: SWOT Analysis ??" Self-Assessment Project
The graduate project, a leadership skills self-assessment application and evaluation, will be based on individual chapter self-assessment exercises and readings from the text. After completion of each chapter’s individual self-assessment, student should initiate and compose a 10-page minimum, to 15-page maximum paper, single-spaced, not inclusive of cover or references. The narrative should include a self-assessment profile analysis to one’s potential in the leadership of others. Synthesis of how one’s personality profile impacts the potential leadership of others is paramount. Do not include the actual self-assessment exercise but rather refer to assessment scoring in development of analytical content. Please note the project is not a typical research paper but rather a demonstration of critical thinking skills through application of course concepts.
Students should experience the following learning standards upon completion of the self-assessment project:
Leadership??"Students assess one’s capacity to lead in organizational situations.
Reflective Thinking and Self-Management??"Students develop reflective thinking through identifying personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as a first step in leading others.
Analytic Skills??"Students learn to set goals, adjust, and resolve problems and make decisions as they respond to internal and external stakeholders needs by applying knowledge in new and unfamiliar circumstances.
Communication Abilities??"Students learn to effectively listen, share ideas, negotiate, and facilitate the flow of information to improve performance.
Ethics??"Students are challenged to recognize the impact of global trends on an organization to value diversity, and to conduct business in an ethical manner.
In content development, specifically include the following as topical headings, listed in the following order, within the paper. For each topic articulate a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) assessment to leadership implications based on information gleaned from the text at a minimum and the relevant self-assessment tool used for that category. Note additional research beyond the text may be required. Also note several assessment tools may be available for each profile. Select at least one, unless otherwise indicated, and discuss thoroughly.
a) a) Leadership Potential Profile
b) b) Personality Profile ??" Big Five (also include Myers-Briggs profile)
c) c) Motive Profile
d) d) Moral/Personal Values Profile
e) e) Political Behavior Profile
f) f) Normative Leadership Style
g) g) Communication Style
Customer is requesting that (HopHead) completes this order.
Customer is requesting that (HopHead) completes this order.
