Essay Instructions: Write an 8-page quantitative research paper on the public health topic of Sleep Deprivation and the Effects it has on Adolescent Obesity ages 12-19. The research conducted needs to explore any possible relationship between obesity and sleeping duration. I have attached a purpose and hypothesis and strategies for inquiry documents to assist with the quantitative research paper. Please use the sources provided below and a final bibliography APA 6th edition only.
NO WIKWPEDIA NO PARAPHRASING, NO PLAGURISM, APA 6TH EDITION ONLY, MASTERS LEVEL WRITING.
The paper should include:
Topic/Title
Background
Purpose Statement
Hypothesis quantitative - 1 page in research
Literature Review and Summary
Data Collection and Analysis
Ethical Considerations and Limitations of Research Design
Summary and Implications for intervention and for public health
The purpose of this study is to concentrate on adolescent obesity, and how the lack of adequate sleep brings about the condition. According to studies and research done, overweight adolescents are over 30% of the total population. Such statistics beg to make a statement that people, and in particular adolescents, need to diet and physically exercise more. The research needs to explain the relationship between adolescent obesity and the amount of sleep that an individual gets.
Purpose and Hypothesis
This literature review emphasizes the present state of adolescent obesity and lack of adequate sleep. Obesity is a problem, which is reaching epidemic proportions. Surveys conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determines the proportion of overweight and obesity in adolescents to be over 30%. The results indicate that the probability of sleep deprivation inversely affecting body mass index is quite high and is most appropriate dose dependent. Because current evidence in the teenage population is limited, recommendations include further research that is age and gender specific. Health care practitioners must be involved in the implementation and evaluation of the information on hand, and act in an approach that empowers the youth to make positive changes in their life.
This dramatic increase has alarmed the healthy practitioners all over the world, because this obesity leads to cardiovascular diseases (Lauderdale & Knutson, 2006). This trend in adolescent obesity extends into adulthood, and consequently we see increasing morbidity and mortality from disease processes that are a result of obesity, Health care expenditure made on obesity on national level lies in between the ranges of 94 to 124 billion dollars on yearly basis (IOM, 2005).
Immediate actions are required worldwide to stop this deadly disease. Attention needs to be given at the childhood level, so that this disease is not passed on to the adult level and thus increase the level of expenditure done on health care problems and care (AI-Hafian, 2008).
1. One paragraph about your research problem.
The numerous technological advancements in the field of healthcare and social sciences are providing new and improved procedures to treat obesity amongst adolescents; but still many of these patients are left wanting and disappointed from the healthcare system. Recent Studies have shown that lack of sleep is directly linked to higher levels of obesity amongst adolescents
2. One paragraph summary of the studies that have been done (your literature review).
With the magnification in the adolescent obesity trend, many studies have started focusing on the risk factors, which are contributing towards this disease. According to some studies a linkage has been developed between the decreasing hours of sleep and increasing body mass index (BMI) (AI Mamun et aI. 2007; Biggs & Dollman, 2007; Eisenmann, Ekkekakis, & Holmes, 2006; Gupta, Mueller, Chan, & Meininger, 2002; Hasler et aI. 2004). With the help of biological mechanism, laboratory studies have demonstrated an association between the increasing body mass and the declining hours of sleep. Even a hypothesis is given which shows that sleep restriction is indirectly linked with the obesity found in adults (Taheri, Lin, Austin, & Mignot, 2004; Chaput, Despres, Bouchard, & Tremblay, 2007). To date, there are a number of studies relating to children of different age groups and diverse sleep scales and ratings, which are found to be inconsistent with each other. These studies have given random definitions of obesity as well (Lauderdale et aI. 2006).
This review of the literature identifies the importance of this problem, how it can be identified, the possible causes, interventions and the role of health care professionals.
3. One sentence about the rationale for your study.
The epidemic’s of Obesity is the fastest growing rate in adolescents age 12-19.
4. One sentence about the purpose of your study
This research study was conducted to explore any possible relationship between obesity and sleeping duration.
5. A list of 3 research questions you want to answer.
How Does Sleep Affect Body Weight?
Is sleep deprivation linked to obesity?
Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescent
6. Your hypothesis (for quantitative studies) or Central Question (for qualitative study) of your proposed study.
The theory to be tested is that sleep restriction and deprivation is directly linked to an increased BMI and obesity found in adolescents.
A central question
How early in life that obesity prevention efforts need to target children?
References
Al Mamun, A., Lawlor, D.A., Cramb, S., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G., Najman, J. (2007). Do childhood sleeping problems predict obesity in young adulthood? Evidence from a Prospective Birth Chohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166 (12),13681373.
AI-Hafian, K. (2008). Sleep, Obesity, And the Adolescent Population: A Literature Review. A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing. Washington State University
Biggs, S., Dollman, J. (2007). Association between sleep, BMI and waist girth in children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis. Acta Paediatrica (96) , 1839 - 1843.
Chaput, J.P., Brunet, M., Tremblay, A. (2006). Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the "Quebec en Forme' Project. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 1080 - 1085.
Eisenmann, J. E. (2006). Sleep dlrration and overweight among Australian children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, 95, 956-962.
Gangwisch, J.E. et al. (2005). Inadequate Sleep as a Risk Factor for Obesity: Analyses of the NHANES I. SLEEP, Vol. 28, No. 10, 2005
Gupta, N.K., Mueller, W.H., Chan, W., Meininger, J. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal ofHuman Biology, 14, 762-768.
Hasler, G. B., Buysse, D.J., Klaghofer, R., et al. (2004). The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study. Sleep, 27(4),661-666.
Institute of Medicine of the National Academies [IOM] (2005). Preventing childhood obesity; Health in the balance. Washington, DC: National Academies of Sciences Press.
Knutson, K. (2005). Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 147, 830-834.
.dale, D.S., Knutson, K.L., Yan, L.L., Rathouz, P.J., Hulley, S.B., Sidney, S., et al. (2006). Objectively measured sleep characteristics among early-middle-aged adults; The CARDIA Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164(1), 5-16.
National Sleep Foundation [NSF] (2006). National sleep Poll in America, 2006. RetrievedNovember16, 2013 from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/site/c.huIXKjM0IxF/b. 241 9037/k.1466/2006 Sleep in America Poll.htm
Spiegel K, Tasali E, Penev P, Van Cauter E. Brief Communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:845-50.
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., Mignot, E. (2004). Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. PLoS Med, 1(3), 210.
United States Department of Health (2000). Healthy People 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2013, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/default.htm
Strategies of Inquiry
Obesity is a condition that is sometimes mistaken as a disease. In reality, obesity is a medical condition that may be caused by several factors. It is a medical condition that is characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat and it may have accumulated to the extent that the excess fat may have adverse effects on the body. It might influence the wellbeing of a person and lead to a reduced life span. It may also lead to various life diseases and other life threatening conditions. The various diseases that can be associated with obesity include heart disease, diabetes, and in particular the type 2 diabetes and also there is the likelihood of cancer. Looking at obesity, it can be characterized by the food intake that individuals who have obesity consume (Biggs, 2007).
The amount of energy foods that one takes is proportional to the body structure. It is also caused by a lack of exercise and another cause can also be genetics. If there are genes in the family that make individuals in that specific family to become obese, then the family members have a high chance of also becoming obese. Obesity has been related to the sleep duration that an individual gets in their lifetime. Though consumption of large quantities of food and also the lack of physical exercise contribute to obesity, sleep duration also counts as a factor when considering the chances that one will become obese (AI-Hafian, 2008).
The purpose of this study is to concentrate on adolescent obesity, and how the lack of adequate sleep brings about the condition. According to studies and research done, overweight adolescents are over 30% of the total population. Such statistics beg to make a statement that people, and in particular adolescents, need to diet and physically exercise more. The research done was in order to explain the relationship between adolescent obesity and the amount of sleep that an individual gets.
Lack of sleep is a factor that influences obesity among adolescents. It has come to be researched and concluded that the amount of sleep time that an individual gets affects the turnout of the physical health of an individual. Sleep is an exercise, which many individuals have failed to learn the advantages of sleep. The lack of sleep affects the body’s total index and thus is an extremely important factor in finding the wellbeing of the body. Sleep is essential as it enables the body to metabolize itself and as such much of the excess body fat can be utilized. The research is mainly fixed on the adolescents since it is through the adolescents that a more modern nation will be created (Taheri, Lin, Austin, Young, Mignot, 2004).
Obesity affecting adolescents is bound to affect all the world population since the adolescents of today are the leaders of tomorrow (Gangwisch, 2005). As such, there should be a controlling factor that seeks to prevent or at least control the level of obesity in adolescents. Studies have shown that there is more to the relationship between the level of increase body mass and hours of sleep. According to research, the body mass of an individual is influenced by the number of hours of sleep that one gets. The lesser the hours, the more the body mass increases and the more the hours, the less the body mass gets (Al Mamun, Lawlor, Cramb, O'Callaghan, Williams, Najman, 2007).
Obesity is seen as something that is growing and looking at the statistics, they can confirm that the highest and most likely to be affected people are of the age of between 12 to19. This age group represents the group that is most productive but because of obesity, they are far less productive than they should be. As a matter to be considered, there should be measures that would bring interventions and also bring the ending of a condition that reduces those affected to be viewed differently by the general public. In order to bring the research of how sleep affects the general body weight of an individual, there are certain questions that beg for answers. Some of the questions are;
How does sleep affect the body weight of an individual; Sleep affects the body weight of an individual in that sleep brings about hormonal activity that brings about the generation of appetite. The main hormones that are responsible for the generation of appetite are activated and thus one can regulate the amount of food that one takes in. When one does not get enough sleep, the hormones are not generated and thus there is no appetite. This causes an individual to eat more quantities of food in order to feel satisfied. This in turn brings large quantities of fat in the body that is continually stored. An appetite regulates the amount of food that one consumes because it is accompanied by another hormone that sends a message to the brain telling it when one is satisfied and thus should stop eating.a
Is sleep deprivation linked to obesity? Obesity has been linked to the amount of sleep that one gets. The more the sleep hours the less chance that one will be obese. The less the sleep hours the more the likelihood that one will be obese.
Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescent? Obesity is associated with lack of proper sleep in adolescents and if the problem does not get attention and thus intervention, obesity will be a condition that will continue to affect adolescent individuals, and this will be a serious problem.
From the above research, it can be seen that obesity if a medical condition and that any person can be affected by the condition. Obesity needs to be faced off and in particular in adolescents. Sleep is essential since the hormones produced while one is asleep enable them to notify the brain that a person is full; thus, one will stop eating. Lack of sleep brings about the eating without feeling satisfied. Sleep and eating should be controlled from an early age and in particular when one is at the age of between 5 to12 (Gupta, Mueller, Meininger, 2002).
.References
AI-Hafian, K. (2008). Sleep, Obesity, And the Adolescent Population: A Literature Review. A
project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing. Washington State University.
Al Mamun, A., Lawlor, D.A., Cramb, S., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G., Najman, J. (2007). Do
childhood sleeping problems predict obesity in young adulthood? Evidence from a Prospective Birth Chohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166 (12), 1368¬1373.
Biggs, S., Dollman, J. (2007). Association between sleep, BMI and waist girth in children and
Adolescents: a retrospective analysis. Acta Paediatrica (96), 1839 - 1843.
Gangwisch, J.E. et al. (2005). Inadequate Sleep As A Risk Factor For Obesity: Analyses Of The
NHANES I. SLEEP, Vol. 28, No. 10, 2005
Gupta, N.K., Mueller, W.H., Chan, W., Meininger, J. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor
sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal ofHuman Biology, 14, 762-768.
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., Mignot, E. (2004). Short Sleep Duration is Associated
with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. PLoS Med, 1(3), 210.
Sleep Deprivation the Effects it has on Adolescent Obesity
March 3, 2013
Introduction
Obesity is a condition that is sometimes mistaken as a disease. In reality, obesity is a medical condition that may be caused by several factors. It is a medical condition that is characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat and it may have accumulated to the extent that the excess fat may have adverse effects on the body. It might influence the wellbeing of a person and lead to a reduced life span. It may also lead to various life diseases and other life threatening conditions. The various diseases that can be associated with obesity include heart disease, diabetes, and in particular the type 2 diabetes and also there is the likelihood of cancer. Looking at obesity, it can be characterized by the food intake that individuals who have obesity consume (Biggs, 2007).
The amount of energy foods that one takes is proportional to the body structure. It is also caused by a lack of exercise and another cause can also be genetics. If there are genes in the family that make individuals in that specific family to become obese, then the family members have a high chance of also becoming obese. Obesity has been related to the sleep duration that an individual gets in their lifetime. Though consumption of large quantities of food and also the lack of physical exercise contribute to obesity, sleep duration also counts as a factor when considering the chances that one will become obese (AI-Hafian, 2008).
The purpose of this study is to concentrate on adolescent obesity, and how the lack of adequate sleep brings about the condition. According to studies and research done, overweight adolescents are over 30% of the total population. Such statistics beg to make a statement that people, and in particular adolescents, need to diet and physically exercise more. The research done was in order to explain the relationship between adolescent obesity and the amount of sleep that an individual gets.
model Research Proposal Outline
The objective of this research is to show how obesity has been a difficult problem and particularly among the young adults. This, according to statistics, is a leading cause of heart-related diseases and the inabilities for adolescents who are supposed to be young, vibrant and healthy are seemingly unhealthy and have problems with their overall living. What many people assume about the condition is that it is mainly caused by excessive eating, lack of exercise and also the influence of genetics. What most people assume is that there is also the possibility of people becoming obese due to lack of proper sleep (Kiess, 2004).
This is a factor that is common among scientists and also among researchers but is unknown to the general public. It is important that individuals come to know the importance of sleep in maintaining their health and also ensuring that they remain healthy at all times. The specific aims of this research is to bring closure and make people understand that it is imperative to get an abundance of sleep since it causes a condition which many view and mistake as a disease. The general purpose of this study is to show that there are ways in which the condition can be maintained and also controlled.
This research might bring scientists and researchers closer to finding the ultimate way to end the condition. Most of adolescents who suffer from obesity face rejection by their peers; they view themselves as unable to fit in with the other adolescents their age. They do not consider themselves as part of the younger generation. Some o them even give up trying to lose the weight and in their own way fond other methods to increase their weight because they have come to accept their own health states. With this research, they will be competent to make a difference in their lives. This research will open a door for them to try losing weight. This research will bring about restoring hope to those affected, and also will come a long way in maintaining the condition and helping to put a stop to the condition (Jelalian & Steele, 2008).
Background literature
Based on past researches, there have been a number of conclusions in this field. It has come to be discovered that adolescence and obesity go hand in hand. Past researches have shown that there have been a number of individual stresses related to obesity in young adults or adolescents. Various investigations, although diverse, indicate an effect of partial sleep deprivation on body weight management. The intriguing relationship between partial sleep deprivation and excess adiposity makes partial sleep deprivation a factor of interest in body weight regulation, particularly in weight loss."
Research has shown that stress seems to affect the adolescents more than it does for the older generation. This shows that obesity is taking its toll on young people. When one takes more calories in the body than the body can contain, then there is a likely possibility that there will be an increase in weight. Taking a look at adolescent age, there have been times that the average adolescent individual feels stressed in matters that concern their lives; such as school work, relationships between them and their parents or between themselves. This in turn results to a number of things. Some eat to relieve their stress levels, and this does not help them in any way. Another factor that has been researched is the fact that there is also the possibility that obese people find cooking healthy foods as a tiresome procedure. This is because they have become so used to the fact that they can only consume foods that are high in their levels of fat and thus continue gaining weight. Another factor that was researched and found to be true is the fact that without proper care at a young age, there is the likelihood that a child will grow up to be obese. All this researches that have been done give the general idea that obese is a serious issue and needs to be maintained (International Congress on Obesity, Bouchard, Medeiros & Halpern, 2003).
Research Design and Data analysis
Lack of sleep is a factor that influences obesity among adolescents. It has come to be researched and concluded that the amount of sleep time that an individual gets affects the turnout of the physical health of an individual. (Bagchi, 2011). Sleep is an exercise, which many individuals have fail to learn the advantages of sleep. The lack of sleep affects the body’s total index and thus is a very important factor in finding the wellbeing of the body. Sleep is essential as it enables the body to metabolize itself and as such much of the excess body fat can be utilized. The attention is mainly fixed on the adolescents since it is through the adolescents that a more modern nation will be created (Taheri, Lin, Austin, Young, Mignot, 2004).
Obesity affecting adolescents is bound to affect all the world population since the adolescents of today are the leaders of tomorrow (Gangwisch, 2005). As such, there should be a controlling factor that seeks to prevent or at least control the level of obesity in adolescents. Studies have shown that there is more to the relationship between the level of increase body mass and hours of sleep. According to research, the body mass of an individual is influenced by the number of hours of sleep that one gets. The lesser the hours, the more the body mass increases and the more the hours, the less the body mass gets (Al Mamun, Lawlor, Cramb, O'Callaghan, Williams, Najman, 2007).
Obesity is seen as something that is growing and looking at the statistics, they can confirm that the highest and most likely to be affected people are of the age of between 12 to19. This age group represents the group that is most productive but because of obesity, they are far less productive than they should be. As a matter to be considered, there should be measures that would bring interventions and also bring about the ending of a condition that reduces those affected to be viewed differently by the general public. In order to bring the research of how sleep affects the general body weight of an individual, there are certain questions that beg for answers. Some of the questions are; How does sleep affect the body weight of an individual; Sleep affects the body weight of an individual in that sleep brings about hormonal activity that brings about the generation of appetite. The main hormones that are responsible for the generation of appetite are activated and thus one can regulate the amount of food that one takes in. When one does not get enough sleep, the hormones are not generated and thus there is no appetite. This causes an individual to eat more quantities of food in order to feel satisfied. This in turn brings about large quantities of fat in the body that are continually stored. An appetite regulates the amount of food that one takes in, because it is accompanied by another hormone that sends a message to the brain telling it when one is satisfied and thus should stop eating.
Is sleep deprivation linked to obesity?; Obesity has been linked to the amount of sleep that one gets. The more the sleep hours the less the chance that one will be obese. The less the sleep hours the more the likelihood that one will be obese. Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescent?; Obesity is associated with lack of proper sleep in adolescents and if the problem does not get attention and thus intervention, obesity will be a condition that will continue to affect adolescent individuals, and this will be a serious problem.
I purpose to conduct this research using a cooperative effort in the identification of students within the Metropolitan-Davidson County area that are aged 12-19 with BMI (27-55). Agreed school nurses will assist with notification of parents/caregivers of a (4) week study to help prevent obesity in adolescent children. Students that meet criteria and have provided proper consent to participate will complete a participation questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire will be analyzed for elimination behavior or participation in any weight loss program within 6 months of this study. Participating students and parents will be educated to the purpose of the actinography and sleep analysis. Following orientation to the study, participants will complete a daily questionnaire and return to the school nurse at the end of each week. The data to be analyzed will include age, weight, gender, BMI, number of participants, and sleep hours. The study will be challenging due to possible equipment failures and/or loss of user instructions. Due to these barriers, a pulmonary sleep technician will be made available during the study period to assist with any actinograph abnormalities.
Participants will also utilize sleep logbooks and questionnaires, quantitative data will be used to show an association between sleep deprivation and rising obesity rates in adolescents. Data will be analyzed by public health experts and provided to epidemiological researchers for inclusion in future studies. Information in this study will be collected by a project manager and protected according to HIPAA federal guidelines. From the research, it can be seen that any person can be affected by the condition of obesity. Hopefully this paper will make adolescents aware of obesity.
From the above information, it can be seen that obesity if a medical condition and that any person can be affected by the condition. Obesity needs to be faced off and in particular in adolescents. Sleep is essential since the hormones produced while one is asleep enable them to notify the brain that a person is full; thus, one will stop eating. Lack of sleep brings about the eating without feeling satisfied. Sleep and eating should be controlled from an early age and in particular when one is at the age of between 5 to12 (Gupta, Mueller, Meininger, 2002).
References
AI-Hafian, K. (2008). Sleep, Obesity, And the Adolescent Population: A Literature Review. A
project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing. Washington State University.
Al Mamun, A., Lawlor, D.A., Cramb, S., O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G., Najman, J. (2007). Do
childhood sleeping problems predict obesity in young adulthood? Evidence from a Prospective Birth Chohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166 (12), 1368¬1373.
Biggs, S., Dollman, J. (2007). Association between sleep, BMI and waist girth in children and
Adolescents: a retrospective analysis. Acta Paediatrica (96), 1839 - 1843.
Gangwisch, J.E. et al. (2005). Inadequate Sleep As A Risk Factor For Obesity: Analyses Of The
NHANES I. SLEEP, Vol. 28, No. 10, 2005
Gupta, N.K., Mueller, W.H., Chan, W., Meininger, J. (2002). Is obesity associated with poor
sleep quality in adolescents? American Journal of human Biology, 14, 762-768.
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., Mignot, E. (2004). Short Sleep Duration is Associated
with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index. PLoS Med, 1(3), 210.
There are faxes for this order.
