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Essay Instructions: Nuclear Medicine Physics Research Proposal
(positron emission Tomography, PET)
* Paper should include illustrations and be well referenced. Recent journal paper should be included.
* Specific aims of the proposed project (either original or ongoing research)and hypothesis to be proved including significance and background of proposal.
* Should include the following as pertinent: Literature review, discussion of data from other studies, research design and methods, equipment and pharmaceudical justification, hypothesis and experiments, literature cited(6-10 sources)

Essay Instructions: My general subject is Nuclear Medicine

• Assignment conforms to departmental guidelines (font size 12, line spacing 1.5 ?" 2, page numbering (bottom, centre)
• 1500 word assignment
• Work has a clear logical flow, with the appropriate use of grammar and accurate spelling.
• No identifying details of hospitals or clients should appear anywhere on the assignment


• Text fully referenced
• Harvard system used correctly throughout assignment
• Harvard system used consistently throughout assignment
• Complete reference list included
• Bibliography present

• References within date range of 2002 ?" 2008 (older references justified in text if used)
• Appropriate references used in support of the text
• Quality of reference material cited (including Web references if used)
• References and bibliography on separate sheets

• Introduction outlines aim(s) of essay and sets context of discussion
• Length of introduction appropriate to word count

• Justification of research
• Discussion of advantages, limitations and suitability of research methodology or research design
• Discussion of use controls or pilots
• Evaluation of bias and how it will be dealt with and any other relevant points
• Discussion on how data will be collected, analysed and presented
• Ethical considerations the proposed study

• Conclusion(s) clearly related to main text
• Conclusions related back to aim(s) of assignment
• Material in conclusion related solely to main text and the value of the proposed research.

Essay Instructions: The impact of nuclear medicine exposures to the American population.

The research paper will focus on Patient exposures to multiple diagnostic and/or treatment procedures within environmental health.

This course focuses on the need to control factors that are harmful to human life, the requisites of life, water, air, food, space, and shelter. This course will examine methods of controlling agents that cause disease, communicable disease control, wastewater treatment, swimming pool guidelines, solid waste management, insect and rodent control, radiation control, and environmental management

The research paper will be in APA 6th edition ONLY. Typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides. You should use 12 pt. Times New Roman. The research paper should be 14 pages.

In addition, your research paper should include at least the following major section: title page, abstract, main body, and evidence- based references (NO WIKIPEDIA!).

The format of the paper will be in APA 6TH EDITION ONLY

Essay Instructions: General subject: Nuclear Medicine (Literature Review)

Guidance for literature review

Choosing sources

The basis of a good literature review is the material that you use to write about. At this level there should be no (or few) books used as sources. The majority of what you use should be peer reviewed journals. It is up to you to establish the quality of the sources that you use. For example the British Medical Journal is an established quality source for medical research where as the (fictional) High Wycombe Journal of Community Health might not be viewed as such a renowned source.

You are not restricted to nuclear medicine journals and can if justified use journals published online PROVIDED they can be shown to have a peer review system in place.

You will need to choose a relevant topic which means something that is current in nuclear medicine research or clinical practice.

Make sure that your chosen topic has sufficient material written about it to give a valid review. How many sources depends on the topic. Some cutting edge subjects may have a few good sources, but more general topics will have more. This is a matter for you to judge what seems reasonable and is part of the way that you are assessed.

Critique of sources

When you have collected sources you will need to decide which ones to include in your review. At this point you need to look critically at the articles and analyse them for their strengths and weaknesses. Remember not to be too harsh on papers that are not perfect (they rarely will be) and give authors the benefit of the doubt if they have issues which relate to ethics as these frequently prevent researcher form carrying out their research in the manner that gives the strongest quality results. If you cite material which has weaknesses identify them in your review. If you can, try to make a judgement, but if the evidence is difficult to make a judgement on you may want to be more reserved. What you should avoid is to write a series of small critical reviews of each article used. You are writing about your chosen subject and doing it while reviewing the literature. Again this is something that you decide and part of the way that you are assessed.

What kinds of subject?

Examples of the kinds of topics you might choose are; a review of current practice for a particular pathology, a review of a particular technique and its development, a review of pathologies for which a radiopharmaceutical is clinically useful…………



Basic structure

The beginning of the work should be a brief introduction to your chosen topic. You only have 2000 words so don’t waste them on irrelevant things. If you mention some technology, physiology or whatever other introductory points keep it very short other wise you will loose your point.

Remember that at the end you must summarise what you have written about. If there are contradictions in the research that you use then you need to discuss these and if possible arrive at a conclusion. If you don’t feel there is a conclusion then say so and maybe suggest how further research might allow one to be drawn. As before the way that you choose to write about your subject is part of the assessment.

Drafting and proof reading

Do not think that you will write a good review straight away. After the first version is written reread it or get someone else to read it (or both) and look for the parts that may not make sense or where your reader might be confused. Have a clear idea of the sense of what you want to say (maybe make notes while looking at the literature) and read the work to see if you manage to say it effectively. If you are clever/lucky you might get it right first time, if not then rewrite it with your main point(s) in mind and keep doing this until you have something that makes sense.


1. CONTENT

Introduction:
• Introduction outlines the aim of the work at gives it context
• Length of introduction appropriate to word count
Main Text:
• The work should demonstrate evaluation of the sources used.
• The work should be based on strong and relevant sources.
• Consideration of developments in current clinical practice or research in nuclear medicine
• Appropriate consideration of other imaging modalities if applicable
• Evidence of integration of theory and practice
• Evidence of considerations of relevant legal and ethical issues
Conclusion:
• Clearly summarises the review.
• Relates back to the original aim
• Does not introduce new material
• Includes appropriate suggestions for future developments

2. PRESENTATION
• Assignment contains introduction, main text and conclusion sections
• Assignment is word processed ( 2000 words)
• Assignment conforms to departmental guidelines (font size, line spacing, page numbering)
• Appropriate use of language within the assignment
• Correct use of grammar within the assignment
• Accurate spelling within the assignment
• Assignment front sheet correctly completed
• No identifying details of clients or hospital should appear anywhere on the assignment.
• Should have a clear structure and flow in a logical fashion

3. REFERENCING
• Text fully referenced
• Harvard system used correctly and consistently throughout
• Complete reference list is included
• References within a 5 year date range (older references justified in text if used), 2006 onward..
• Appropriate use of quality references in support of text (including Web references if used)