communication includes nonverbal and unwritten communication and involves facial expressions, the tone of a person's voice, body language, and related issues. Smiles, handshakes, crossed arms, raised eyebrows, and comments that appear to be "dripping" with sarcasm are all part of demonstrative communication (Barnlund, 2008; Montana & Charon, 2008). Both listening and responding are involved in the interaction between individuals who use demonstrative communication, because this kind of communication can be something that begins a conversation and elicits a response, or something that is used to create a response to communication that has already been presented by someone else (Berko, et al., 2010; Heyman, 1994). For example, "icy" treatment and other clearly hostile or passive-aggressive communication can be used to keep people away or to elicit a response from another person. If communication is unacceptable, demonstrative communication can also be used to show another person that there is no desire to...
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