First Flanagan offers four hypotheses: one, changes in the structure of the American economy "favor nonunion over union employment"; two, union organization is less intense than it was; three, workers' interest in general has tapered off with reference to unions; and four, management vigorously opposes unions in many instances (Flanagan, 2005, p. 33). Adding to that list, Flanagan asserts that many companies have adopted "human resource management policies" that are similar to what unions have demanded in the past and this results in "diminished demand for unionization" (Flanagan, 34). In other words, if a company is keeping its workers happy and satisfied with progressive policies and sharing the profits, the need for a union in a progressive company is greatly reduced.

Meanwhile, what if a fellow employee asks another employee to sign an "authorization card"? The steps that unions take include the following: a) after a small group discusses the...
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