They added newer constructs to a PSC model developed earlier by Gershon and his colleagues (2000), which unveiled the relationship of safety and security aspects and linked it with work performance. They found that when hospital staff used the Gershon tool there was considerable increase in the patient safety culture. They concluded that the health care decision makers when using Gershon safety tools, which appear to have sufficient reliability and validity, can effectively analyze the perception of the employees about patient safety in their organization and can use the tool as an indicator of the employee satisfaction with current procedures adopted for patient safety (as cited in Turnberg and Daniell, 2008).

Another PSC quantitative model was developed by Leonard and Frankel (2010), who stated that the main goal of all health care systems is to bring safe and reliable healthcare services to the registered patients. The organizations are required to...
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