causes that explain clique behavior in high school, and as to the male cliques, it isn't simply a matter of "boys being boys." While it may look like typical adolescent rebellion -- teenage angst -- it is more a matter of self-image and self-esteem. There is seemingly always an element of rebellion -- that has been generalized and stereotyped as a natural part of growing up for decades -- but in truth the studies that are reflected in "Kicking Back" indicate self-esteem is apparently a serious reason for cliques. It seems to be a case of kids hanging out together to protect themselves from appearing to be weak, and kids who are confused and lost -- while their hormones rage wildly through their bodies -- who act weird, crazy, stupid and moreover, do spontaneous things that can be hurtful to others.

(Two) According to studies reported in "Kicking Back" there...
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