A third real-life example are the pervasive Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) and Patient Information Management Systems (PIMS) that form the backbone of any healthcare facility. These are systems that capture all relevant patient demographic, treatment and health-related data in addition to showing the specific costs of treatment and profits as well (McGurkin, Hart, Millinghausen, 2006). In short, these systems form the basic financial structure of a healthcare systems. There are according to one estimate $71B in HIS and PIMS systems installed every year on average globally (Blake, Massey, Bala, Cummings, Zotos, 2010). These systems are the most regulated in terms of compliance as well, with the requirement they be operated to comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Every hospital and healthcare facility must comply with HIPAA per federal mandate, which puts the pressure on facilities management to ensure the HIS and PIMS systems and...
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