Photosynthesis is critical for the survival of all life on earth. The process of photosynthesis within plants consists of two processes, one which begins with energy from the sun in the form of visible light, and another which is light-independent and capture carbon dioxide for glucose production (Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers, 2008).

Plants are green because they absorb the red and blue wavelengths of visible light, thereby reflecting the color green (University of Idaho, 2008). In the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation occurs when light pigments are absorbed by plant chloroplasts and converted into ATP and NADPH in the thylakoid membranes (University of Idaho, 2008; Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers, 2008). The light-independent phase, also known as the carbon fixation reactions, uses the ADP and NADPH to produce glucose from fixed and reduced carbon dioxide and the enzyme RuBisCo (University of Idaho, 2008; Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers, 2008). Water is...
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