this therefore means that it is important to first clarify the different perspectives represented herein for example creation of multilevel framework including the analysis of well-established literature that is related to this discussion .

Womack, Jones and Roos (1990) in their canonical work The Machine that Changed the World were the first ones to formally introduce Lean Product Development. Although they mainly focused on manufacturing and assembly processes, they still describe some tools and methods that are used to achieve Lean performance in Product Development including Concurrent Engineering. Consequently it should be noted that there is a strong connection between Lean Product Development and Concurrent Engineering.

Concurrent Engineering has been defined by Winners et al. (1998) as the systematic approach that integrates the concurrent designs of the different products in relation to their manufacturing and supporting processes with the intention to cause developers of these products to consider all the...
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