The genetic risk factor identified does not appear to influence behavior directly unless it is paired with environmental factors such as exposure to abuse or other regular and/or extreme violence, and then it leads to the development of aggressive and other challenging behaviors (Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2002). The environmental risk factors identified -- i.e., the abuse/exposure to violence -- has been demonstrated to have an effect without the presence of the genetic factor, however the increased probability of aggressive behavior development in such children is only slightly higher than in children that do not have the same environmental risk factor, meaning the genetic factor is of great impact (Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2002). The lack of communication learning can lead to behaviors such as aggression brought about through frustration, inappropriate behaviors used as substitutes for asking questions or verbally expressing displeasure, and a variety of other issues (Conroy, 2004).

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