, Sweet, Starkey, Shekelle, 2013, p. 835). Depending on whether the patient is in early-stage vs. late-stage prognosis, the patient will be offered different treatments and approaches to managing the disease and its effects.

According to Qaseem et al., Stage 1 -- 3 CKD is treated in a variety of methods; different types of medicine, diets, exercise, and other treatments and approaches are all available, some with better results than others of course. Additionally, the problems with screening for CKD are often harbingers of problems that will crop up as the disease progresses. The Qaseem et al. study determined that "expert opinion suggests that the harms of CKD screening include misclassification of patients owing to false-positive test results, adverse effects of unnecessary testing, psychological effects of being labeled with CKD, adverse events associated with pharmacologic treatment changes after CKD diagnosis, and possible ?nancial rami-cations of CKD diagnosis" (p. 837). In...
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