chemical dependency is a complex problem, with multiple causes and manifestations, there is no single best treatment model. However, the dual diagnosis model combines a variety of treatment modalities and approaches, accounting for individual differences as well as environmental factors. Studies by Brower, Blow & Beresford (1989) revealed the benefits of the dual diagnosis model, which presumes the need for an integrative approach. Moral models like those employed in Twelve Step programs might prove useful for some clients, but an integrative approach allows greater flexibility. From an organizational perspective, a flexible approach is essential because of the need to address a diverse workforce.

Models of treatment may be broken down into constituent parts, according to the situation and the needs of the client. Research on the hearing impaired, for example, shows that differential needs of the client base will lead to the therapist designing a multifaceted treatment program (Guthmann, n.d.)....
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