While not every African immigrant has such impressive credentials, the presumption of the superiority of certain cultural markers, such as a European accent, cannot be entirely dismissed.

However, the racism against 'blackness' affects all Black Americans, regardless of whether they are the children of slaves or wealthy, Anglicized Africans. As discussed by Obama in his autobiography Dreams From My Father, as an individual of Kenyan ancestry, he was still treated as an African-American by the individuals whom he encountered in his daily life. Race may be a scientific fiction, but in American culture it is treated as a reality. This can cause a complication for Afro-Caribbean immigrants: they may feel frustrated that it is assumed that they are African-Americans with no ties to their African homeland. Growing up in a different educational system, living in a world filled with local tribal languages and rituals; observing religious practices that are often...
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