McKellar, J., Stewart, E., & Humphreys, K. (April, 2003). Alcoholics Anonymous: Involvement and Positive Alcohol-Related Outcomes: Cause, Consequence, or Just a Correlate? A Prospective 2-Year Study of 2,319 Alcohol-Dependent Men. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology; 71 (2): 302-308.

McKellar, Stewart, and Humphreys study the causality between A.A. involvement and positive alcohol related outcomes in 2319 male subjects (p. 304). Their model included involvement after 1 year of sobriety in relation to a 2-year follow-up, examining the levels of alcohol related problems (p. 305). Their findings include that the participation in the A.A. program can have a positive effect of alcohol-related problems, independent from motivation factors or psychopathology (p. 306-308).

This source is important because the study was done in a scientific manner, with a control group and sound methodology (p. 303-305). The study involves analysis of previous works, using the same hypothesis (p. 302-303), and comes to the same...
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