820). This view is contradicted by the great number of different cultures that existed in Africa prior to European involvement in the continent, and the many cultures that still remain in one form or another on the continent today. It also overlooks the massive cultural changes that have necessarily come about in the African Diaspora through the variety of experiences and dramatically changed lifestyles experienced by Africans and people of African descent living in non-African countries. According to Johnson's own argument about the inaccuracies and fallacies that arise from the unempirical grouping of different cultural groups together, such an oversimplification of the African/African-American experience is necessarily misleading and ultimately detrimental to the goal of student development.

Johnson's assertions in whole and in part could be made more valid and more reasonable to her readers if she employed any empirical evidence whatsoever in this article. Her assertions of the shared values...
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