normal distribution is used to find the probability of the sample mean in this single sample z-test (we know the standard deviation of the population). Z-scores are measures of relative location. Suppose we are interested in whether enrichment sessions with parents and special tutors influence I.Q.s of children. We might start by learning what the baseline I.Q. scores are for children who participate in the I.Q. enrichment sessions. Standardized instruments for measuring I.Q. were used to assess the children. We know that the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 16 on these standardized tests. After testing our sample of fifty students, we observed an average score of 102. The z-score for the sample is a measure of the relative location of the observation in the data set: How does the average I.Q score of the students in our observed sample compare with the average I.Q. score in the...
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