How did Galileo respond to the edict? What did he do to protect himself?

The original 1616 edict was not taken entirely seriously: "The Sun-Centered universe still remained an unproven idea -- without, [Pope] Urban believed, any proof in its future" (Sobel 138). However, Galileo still undertook steps to protect himself, defending his writings as a way: "to show Protestants to the north…that Catholics understood more about astronomy" (Sobel 140). His writings, in other words, would be used to glorify the Church and Catholicism's intelligence, as compared to Protestantism. Given that Catholicism and Protestantism were effectively 'at war' for dominance over Europe at the time, Galileo hoped that being seen as a warrior against Protestantism would license his writings and take some of the 'heat' of scrutiny off of his writings.

Q4. Describe the relationship between Galileo and Cardinal Barberini, who become Pope Urban. How did this and Galileo's Catholic...
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