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Essay Instructions: Human beings may be seen as manifestations of God. Explain this based on Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings and the writings of Dr. Joseph Murphy author of "The Power of Your Subconcious Mind".

Essay Instructions: "Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so." (Douglas Adams) .Please construct an essay that examines how this quote relates to A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens and The Tempest, The Merchant of Venice, The Taming of the Shrew, and Julius Caesar by Shakespeare.

Essay Instructions: 1. Length: Each essay must be between 800 and 1000 words. Write the word count for each essay at the top of your exam. In fairness to other students, papers that are either over or under the word count will be penalized.

2. Quotes/Bibliography: You may not use quotations. You may paraphrase the text in your own words, and you must cite essays individually at the end in a bibliography. You do not need to cite lecture notes. In fairness to other students papers that do not include a complete and properly formatted bibliography will be penalized.

3. Resources: You may only use your text and class notes while researching and writing your essays. You may not use any other sources ? including internet websites. You may not collaborate with any other students in any way. Failure to adhere to this requirement will result in you receiving a ?0?.

4. Format: Double-space your essays and include page numbers.


Essay
1. Against the moral permissibility of the development of technology to clone human beings.

Write an argumentative essay in which you evaluate Leon Kass?s argument against the moral permissibility of cloning technology, from his essay ?Cloning of Human Beings?. Your paper should be structured as follows. (1) Reconstruct Kass?s central argument regarding the permissibility of the development of technology to clone human beings. This section should be clearly organized into argumentative steps and should carefully explain the rationale offered by the author to support each claim. (2) Develop an objection to some aspect of the argument posed in part one from the perspective of Robert Wachbroit. This section should only raise one objection. The objection should be clearly and narrowly focused on a specific point or step from the previous section. (3) How could the author in part one respond to the objection? This section should not restate the argumentative points advanced in part one; instead, this section should consider the best possible response to the objection.

Note: Your essay should not include discussion of the ?playing God? objection to cloning. The objection thus formulated is too weak. You should choose to discuss the best arguments for and against cloning.
General Guidelines for Writing Philosophy Essays


1. Be very clear.

? Outline in preparation: Your ideas are only going to come across as well as your essay conveys them, so take some time to outline what you?re going to say.
? Break down your essay: Try to organize different points throughout the essay and describe them as first, second, etc. in order to clearly delineate them.
? Define terms: Understanding someone?s argument requires that you understand the terms and premises he/she uses.

2. Get to the point and stay on topic.

? Write a short introduction. The bulk of the credit you receive for your essay comes from the body of your paper. Introductions are useful in this context if they provide a roadmap for the essay, otherwise you?re losing valuable time. Biographical or historical details should not be in your intro.
? Address the topic specifically. Don?t get side-tracked into lots of tangential discussions. You shouldn?t try to say everything you know about a philosopher. Instead pick a few points essential to the topic you choose and develop them in detail.
? Manage the details of the argument. You will not be able to reconstruct a lengthy version of the arguments, so edit your explanation to include only those steps that are most relevant to the overall success of the argument and to your paper. In particular, emphasize the point(s) in the reconstruction of the argument that will be objected to later in the essay.

3. Write a well-developed essay.

? Explain your reasons. Back-up your interpretation of key passages with explicit reasons. Rather than merely stating what a philosopher thought -- explain his reasoning.
? Avoid broad strokes. Slow down and develop your claims rather than giving quick generalizations.
? Write a coherent essay. Try to organize your essay such that points build on previous claims you?ve discussed. Provide transitions between points.

4. Add critical analysis.

? Don?t bite off more than you can chew. Keep your critical remarks confined to what you can defend in the time provided.
? Be generous to the philosopher?s position. Don?t present a caricature of a philosopher?s position without trying to understand it. Try to present the best version of the position and then raise circumscribed doubts.

Essay Instructions: This essay touches on basic philosophy related to counselling. It it titled: Model of the Human Being, development and change.
l. What does being human mean: internally, relationally and in a wider social contest?
2. How do you think about lifespan development? How does a person grow?
3. How do human beings function? What are healthy ways of being?
4. How do psychological problems develop? What perpetuates these problems?
5. Can people change? Under what conditions? How does change occur?