Essay Instructions: Hi, this is Yoonki, and I am from Korea.
My writing class gives that the topic is "Higher Education."
This 3 pages of research paper.
You can choose any resources if you cannot find the source which I provide, but I want to provide the source.
Also, you should consider that "I am international student."
Please don't use difficult words and grammar because I am not a native speaker.
If you use difficult words and grammar, my teacher know that. My teacher use turnitin.com, so please be careful when you write this research paper.
I would like to get back this paper at 8:00 pm 11/4/2009.
Please, send me the paper as soon as possible..
Please, think about written conventions (grammar, spelling, punctuation, apitalization),word choice (efficiency, clarity, and variety of words),sentence fluency (correction of awkward phrases, run-on sentences), overall organization (paragraph and essay structure).
The following source was my paper proposal, and I want to request 3 pages of research paper using this source.
Works Cited
DeMoranville, C. & O'Donnell, P. “Price Elasticity of Per-Credit-Hour Tuition Charges and
the Effects on Four-Year Graduation Rates.” Journal of Marketing for Higher
Education 11(4) 2001: 29-49. web.ebscohost.com 19 Oct. 2009 Web.
Trombley, W. “The Rising Price of Higher Education.” The National Center for Public Policy
and Higher Education. Winter 2003. The National Center for Public Policy and
Higher Education. highereducation.org 19 Oct. Web.
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The Effects of Increasing Tuition in Higher Education on Graduation Rates
One of the problems that universities often face is the decision of whether or not to raise tuition rates. Rising costs of maintaining the university such as lower private funding gifts, reduced public funding, and increased salaries due to rising costs of living can mean that simple budgetary financing is not enough. For this reason, many universities look towards increasing tuition on their students as a means of offsetting these increased costs and reduced incomes. However, there are consequences beyond the budget when tuition is raised. Increased tuition costs directly affect students and their ability to attend university. In addition, rising cost affects both students and their parents in recently economic recession. The question then becomes – What are the effects of increasing tuition for higher education on graduation rates?
The problem that will be studied is how tuition increases affects graduation rates in higher education. Whether or not there is some kind of proportional correlation between the amount of students receiving diplomas and the amount they pay for the education required to receive it. Specifically, this research will look at both incoming enrollment rates, which will directly affect future graduation rates, as well as continuing enrollment of students and graduation figures once tuition rates are increased in comparison to historical figures. In addition, increased education costs because of poor budgeting and its financial policies will put pressure on students. By comparing these figures, and the anticipated increase or decrease in these figures before tuition rates were increased, the study will be able to determine if the increase in tuition had an effect on student enrollment and graduation numbers.
Trombley (2003) highlights the fiscal problems that many universities are facing. Using data from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, Trombley notes that state spending for public universities has been declining, across the United States in recent years. To make matters worse, many states have also reduced their aid programs for students. The economic recession has negatively affected nearly every state and has continued to grow worse as appropriations for higher education continue to be cut from state budgets and student financial assistance is reduced even further. Appropriations dropped in 2003 in 14 states, the worst being an 11 percent drop in Oregon. Raising tuition has been a common response to these decreases in funding.
At four-year public universities tuition rose in 2003 in every state in the country. In Massachusetts, tuition increased by 24 percent. Texas, Missouri and Iowa all saw tuition increase by 20 percent. North Carolina had an increase in tuition of 19 percent, while Ohio saw an increase of 17 percent. In the end, 16 states had tuition and fee increases of more than 10 percent in that one year alone. According to Trombley (2003), New York's 2003-2004 State University budge was cut by $184 million, resulting in then Governor Pataki suggesting a 35 percent increase in undergraduate tuition for his students. Community colleges also saw tuition hikes and increases in mandatory fees in 48 of the 50 states. These increases in costs directly affect the students that have to pay them.
DeMoranville and O'Donnell (2001) investigated the effects of increases in per-credit tuition on four-year graduation rates and how they are marketed to minimize enrollment effects. These authors argued that increases in tuition and fees have directly a negative impact on students. Their study examined whether or not a sliding scale tuition rate would increase the graduation rates, and they found that this scale would not positively affect four year graduation rates when tuition increases are incurred.
DeMoranville and O'Donnell's (2001) research is important because it shows a history of negative effects incurred by increasing tuition. Due to the increased need for higher education in a competitive job market and the availability of online universities, this may no longer be the case. This new research will provide more information by determining if societal changes, as well as changes in the higher education system itself, have minimized the negative impact on enrollment and graduation that traditionally occurred with increases in tuition.
The project's focus will be to compare both incoming enrollment rates, which will directly affect future graduation rates, as well as continuing enrollment of students and graduation figures, once tuition rates are increased in comparison to historical figures. This study will be very effective because it will compare the current effects of tuition hikes to those of the past, which might shed light on some kind of bigger connection between the two factors. It is more important for universities to understand their students than it is to focus on matters such as tuition hikes and economic effects that do not benefit society in the long run. By comparing these figures, and the anticipated increase or decrease in these figures before tuition rates were increased, the study will be able to determine if the increase in tuition had an effect on student enrollment and graduation numbers. To accomplish this study enrollment and graduation statistics will be collected from universities around the country.
Increasing costs and decreasing funding are serious challenges universities must face. Oftentimes budgetary cuts are not enough to create a balanced budget. In many instances, raising tuition rates are a common answer to this problem. However, this course of action directly affects the students who have to pay the tuition. In addition, it will be a central role of two different practical economic theories to address the rising costs, and speculate about what universities will do in the future. It is probably inevitable that students will face this problem when schools raise their tuition. There might be a number of reasons for raising tuition, but the most important reason is the fact that it can be the best solution because there are always two sides to every problem. My research paper will attempt to determine what raising higher education tuitions will do to graduation rates.
