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Essay Instructions: Part I. Identification of terms and processes, answer any five in a paragraph or more.

1. Celilo Falls
2. “fishable swimmable” standard
3. stormwater detention basins
4. Rosgen system of stream restoration
5. Lake Baikal / Lake Victoria (locate and describe key issues)
6. maintaining minimum in stream flow / Klamath River 2002 incident
7. whirling disease in trout

Part II Essays

1. Briefly describe primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment. What level of treatment has been supported by the Clean Water Act, and what has happened to that support in recent years. How has sewage sludge disposal changed in this region over the last 25 years?
2. Why has urban flooding become a worsening problem in recent years? How have flood control strategies been evolving and changing, in terms of engineering and philosophy?
3. what are some concerns regarding herbicide use in Greenwood lake, Lake Cochituate, and other drinking water sources? What are some of the less toxic alternatives available for aquatic vegetation management?
4. How does the legal basis for groundwater usage differ from the legal basis for surface water usage in the United State? Referring to some controversial examples, describe the reason for groundwater pumping, and how it is affecting surface waters.

Essay Instructions: 1. Describe the nature of the enforcement partnership between Federal and state-level agencies in each of the following areas. Be sure to provide specific detail regarding those enforcement activities which are assigned to the State and which remain under Federal jurisdiction.
A. Enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
B. Enforcement of the Clean Water Act.
C. Enforcement of RCRA.

IN addition to References used please refer to the following site:
On-line: California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2007 Annual Enforcement Report (PDF) @
http://www.arb.ca.gov
To access this report, copy the above link into your browser. Once you are at the homepage chose "Laws and Regulations" and then choose "Enforcement Program" from the drop down menu. Scroll down to "Enforcement Tools and Assistance" and choose "reports." Select the 2007 report.
Read pages 7- 40 of the report.

Essay Instructions: DIscus the issue regarding wetlands regulation. begin with the history of regulation that is tied to the Clean Water Act. This involves whether the CWA actually includes wetlands in its jurisdiction in that, are wetlands navigable waters because some wetlands don?t even contain water? Discuss the history regarding the EPA and Army Corps on Engineers and their different takes on the scope of the CWA regarding wetlands. Discuss the inclusion of the Commerce Clause into cases regarding wetland control by the Federal government and how much authority this interpretation gave the government over private land. Later, the decision in US v. Lopez then changed the scope of the commerce clause and forced the EPA to rethink the clean water act when regulating wetlands. Discuss the CWA and the ways it can be enforced, for example, 1. a violator can suffer civil or criminal penalties, 2. administrative penalties, or an 3. administrative compliance order (ACO). ACO?s are probably the most common but also problem filled. What are the requirements for the government to order an ACO? What type of information do they need? Can they use potential problems as info? Furthermore, are there due process issues regarding ACO?s? What kind of power do agencies have under the 5th amendment due process provision? What is reviewable by the Supreme Court when there is an order issued regarding the CWA that potentially violates the DP clause? Must there be a full takings of ones property or is a financial hardship enough to satisfy a takings? Is notice and a fair hearing required before the taking of a wetland or can the hearing come after the taking?

Essay Instructions: There is a general format for the labs. They will consist of this format:

1.Your name
2 .Date
3.Title of the experiment
4. Purpose:
In this section, you will say what the purpose of the experiment was. It may involve a rephrasing of what is given in the directions, written in a way that is meaningful to you. This should be about 50 words long.
5. Methods and Materials:
In this section, you tell what equipment you used and how you went about doing the task. This can be anywhere from 50 to 200 words long, especially if you had to do a lot of preparation.
6. Results:
Describe what you did for the exercise. Mention if you had a lab partner or helper. If you made a table, drawing or sketch, include it here. If there were problems or something went wrong during the attempt, write about that. This is, basically, your observations. Make sure you include a photo of you doing this lab. I don\'t want a photo of scenery, but your actual self in the photo. If there is no photo, 40 points off.
7. What I learned (150 words)
Tell about the main thing you learned during this experiment. This should be a minimum of 150 words.
8. Choose one of these options: (75 words)
1. Can this experiment be improved to make it work better or easier or be more relevant?
2. Why this experiment should be removed from the course.
3. Why this was a really good experiment.

EXPERIMENT
Cleaning up Murky Water

Read the instructions for both methods and watch the video before starting this.

You will do both methods and compare the results in your lab report. Include photos of before and after and of your setup.

Be sure to have one photo that shows the results of the two methods, side by side, preferably with your in the picture in your \"Results\" section.

Making a hypothesis: After you watch my video on the setup and the instructions (below), write down which method you think will produce the cleaner-looking water.

Directions______________________________________________________________________________________

Make some muddy water. A teaspoon of dirt in a quart of water should work. You\'ll have to shake it when you go to use it.

Separate these into two equally murky containers because we are going to compare the results of two different methods.

A. Method One - Capillary Action. This method may take overnight to complete. You will write down how long it took in your report.

Get a white handkerchief (cloth) or a cloth napkin or some other clean piece of woven material. A paper towel won\'t do. A t-shirt won\'t do. Socks won\'t do. Use a cloth napkin or a dish towel.

Get two shallow container that are about the same size, like two cake pans. If the sides are more than 2\", this won\'t work.


Build a stack of books about 3\" high. Cover the stack with something waterproof (plastic bag?)

Put one shallow container on top of the books


Put the other shallow container on the counter, near to and below the other container.


Shake one of your muddy water containers and then pour everything into the top container.


Put about 1/2 inch of clean water in the lower container.


Wet the piece of cloth and wring it out. Then shake it out and spread the cloth in the muddy water and then have it drape down to the clean water and spread it out in that container.


Secure them somehow. Take photos of your setup for your report.


Record what happens and how fast it happens. This may have to sit overnight, so plan ahead. Save the resulting pan of water. Don\'t throw anything out until you have finished writing up the report.

B. Method Two - Filtration

Set up a coffee filter apparatus (or something you can piece together) over a jug - a mason jar or something.

If you have a coffee filter paper, put it in the filter. If you don\'t have it, fold a piece of paper towel twice and then open it, like you would if you wanted to make a paper hat.

If you have powdered or granular activated carbon or charcoal, put it in the bottom of the filter paper setup. You can usually find it in the pet department (fish). If you can\'t find it, that\'s OK.

Put some clean sand over top of the charcoal. If you find dirty sand, wash it in your sink before you use it.

Pour the muddy water through the filter apparatus and look at what comes through. Save that water.


Put each of the treated water samples in clear glasses and take a picture (with you in it). Do not drink the water, since it may be full of microorganisms and viruses.

For your report, do this:

Name, date, Name of Lab
Hypothesis: What was your hypothesis? Which method did you think would be superior? Do this before you do the testing.

Method: How did you make the dirty water and ensure that the same strength was used for both tests? Where did you get your materials? How did you set up each of the processes?

Results:
A, Capillary Action method (Picture)
How high was the water level (from the top of the pan) in the top and bottom when you started the experiment?
How high were the levels after an overnight process?
What did the bottom pan\'s water look like after the process?
What did the top\'s look like?
What did you learn about capillary action from the Internet?


B. Filtration Method (Picture)
Use the other half of the muddy water as with the capillary action experiment.

Tell where you got the ingredients and equipment
Tell how you set up the process.
Tell how long the process took.
Examine the resulting water and compare it to the water in the bottom pan from your capillary action experiment.
C. Compare the two methods. Which water is clearer? Does this agree with your hypothesis?
D. Evaluation of Experiment: How does this lab help the SCI 230 student understanding the complexity of cleaning water?

This is a link of a video of the professor actually doing the experiment
Water Lab preparation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE5fi0RiLLI