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Beggars Essays and Research Papers

Instructions for Beggars College Essay Examples

Title: John Gay's The Beggar's Opera

Total Pages: 5 Words: 1499 Bibliography: 0 Citation Style: APA Document Type: Essay

Essay Instructions: An analytical essay on the use of metaphor and simile in John Gay''s, "The Beggars Opera" as Gay''s way of "viewing the world". include close textual analysis and at least 5 direct quotes.

Excerpt From Essay:

Title: literature

Total Pages: 3 Words: 902 Sources: 0 Citation Style: MLA Document Type: Research Paper

Essay Instructions: this is the topic of the paper:Why do you think Gay''s The Beggar''s Opera has been so popular for so long? Analyze some of its many appealing qualities.
There should be a catchy tilte. The Essay should begin with a thesis statement and the elaborate from there.
If possible you can use the Norton anthropolgy english literature seventh edition (the Beggars Opera pg.2607-2657)

Excerpt From Essay:

Title: British Literatures

Total Pages: 4 Words: 1370 References: 1 Citation Style: APA Document Type: Essay

Essay Instructions: The assignment is to write an essay based on a CLOSE READING of a passage. This will be written in MLA format. You can make connections and references to other aspects of the text in question to make an argument that includes the entire text, but I want the argument you make to be substantiated in large part by the section of the text provided. So, your argument will be formed by a careful consideration of the passage: its form, tone, topic, issues it raises, or concepts it develops, etc. There can be no secondary sources used for this paper.

To do a CLOSE READING:
1. examine the language of the passage, looking up any words you don't understand the meaning of and making note of any patterns of diction (word choice) or particular images, metaphors, etc.
2. if it is a passage of prose narrative, who is speaking? what kind of voice is this? is there a distinction between the narrator's voice and a character's voice? what is the significance of that distinction?
3. anything else you find noteworthy or of interest: irony, parody, repetition, turns of phrase, tone, voice, characters (how are they represented, how do they speak, what do they say, etc.)

Thesis Checklist:
1. is your thesis statement specific and focused?
2. does your thesis statement make an assertion which must be proven, rather than making a statement of fact?
3. is your thesis statement written clearly so that it states the central idea of your essay precisely and specifically?
4. does your thesis convey the priorities of your argument?
5. does your thesis statement reflect the restrictions which your essay will impose on the subject?
6. does your thesis statement answer the question, "so what?"

The assignment must be a 4 page (1000-1250 word) essay on the passage below from Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal":

"It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in stroling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants who, as they grow up, either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country, to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes.
I think it is agreed by all parties, that this prodigious number of children in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom, a very great additional grievance; and therefore whoever could find out a fair, cheap and easy method of making these children sound and useful members of the common-wealth, would deserve so well of the publick, as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation.
But my intention is very far from being confined to provide only for the children of professed beggars: it is of a much greater extent, and shall take in the whole number of infants at a certain age, who are born of parents in effect as little able to support them, as those who demand our charity in the streets.
As to my own part, having turned my thoughts for many years, upon this important subject, and maturely weighed the several schemes of our projectors, I have always found them grossly mistaken in their computation. It is true, a child just dropt from its dam, may be supported by her milk, for a solar year, with little other nourishment: at most not above the value of two shillings, which the mother may certainly get, or the value in scraps, by her lawful occupation of begging; and it is exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them in such a manner, as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding, and partly to the cloathing of many thousands.
There is likewise another great advantage in my scheme, that it will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children, alas! too frequent among us, sacrificing the poor innocent babes, I doubt, more to avoid the expence than the shame, which would move tears and pity in the most savage and inhuman breast.
The number of souls in this kingdom being usually reckoned one million and a half, of these I calculate there may be about two hundred thousand couple whose wives are breeders; from which number I subtract thirty thousand couple, who are able to maintain their own children, (although I apprehend there cannot be so many, under the present distresses of the kingdom) but this being granted, there will remain an hundred and seventy thousand breeders. I again subtract fifty thousand, for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by accident or disease within the year. There only remain an hundred and twenty thousand children of poor parents annually born. The question therefore is, How this number shall be reared, and provided for? which, as I have already said, under the present situation of affairs, is utterly impossible by all the methods hitherto proposed. For we can neither employ them in handicraft or agriculture; we neither build houses, (I mean in the country) nor cultivate land: they can very seldom pick up a livelihood by stealing till they arrive at six years old; except where they are of towardly parts, although I confess they learn the rudiments much earlier; during which time they can however be properly looked upon only as probationers: As I have been informed by a principal gentleman in the county of Cavan, who protested to me, that he never knew above one or two instances under the age of six, even in a part of the kingdom so renowned for the quickest proficiency in that art."

Excerpt From Essay:

Title: journals

Total Pages: 10 Words: 3452 Works Cited: 0 Citation Style: MLA Document Type: Research Paper

Essay Instructions: Topic Journal
Metaphysical Poetry
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 1 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.1A: Addressing Love and Loss

Donne's poems deal with some of the great tragedies of life: losing someone you love and facing your own mortality. This journal assignment asks you to think about your response to these events.

Have you ever left someone without knowing exactly when you will see that person again? If you were to leave someone you loved very much, what would you say? If you were the one being left, what would you want to hear?
Write down a few thoughts about an appropriate way to say good-bye and things to say.
Think about these as you read "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning." Consider how your answers would change if you knew that you would never see that person again.
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 2 of 16

3.1B: Responding to Literature

Answer the following questions in your journal. Please write your answers as complete sentences and make sure to number your journal appropriately.

Metaphysical poets have plenty of critics. Many people find the images of metaphysical poetry contrived. Do you agree? Samuel Johnson, an 18th century writer, described metaphysical conceits as "the discovery of occult [hidden] resemblances in things apparently unlike . . . the most heterogeneous [dissimilar] ideas are yoked by violence together." Do you think that metaphysical conceits work-that is can you draw meaning from the connections they make between dissimilar things? Support your answer with specific examples from the poems. Your answer should be written in the form of a paragraph and should be at least five sentences long.
In "Death Be Not Proud" Donne personifies death. How does this poem make you feel about death? Does in make it seem more or less frightening? How does it change your perspective on death or dying? Write at least a one-paragraph response.
Writers convey their tone through their diction (word choice), images, figures of speech, and the details they choose to include. Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. How does Donne's tone in "Meditation 17" support the point he is trying to make? Your answer should address what the tone of the passage is and the techniques (rhetoric) Donne uses to achieve this tone. Respond in paragraph form and use at least three specific details from the text to support your answer.
King James Bible: A Masterpiece by Committee
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 3 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.2A: Prewriting a Modern Parable

After reading the introduction to parables on page 342, make a list of modern situations that would be subjects for a good parable.

Your situation can be an experience from your own life or something you've observed that has the potential to teach an important lesson about life.
Your list should include at least three possibilities and a brief explanation of the situation and what lesson it teaches.
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 4 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.2B: King James Bible

Answer the following questions in your journal. Make sure that your answers are written in complete sentences.

Psalms 23 and 137 may or may not be familiar to you. Both of them contain extended metaphors and use parallelism to achieve their effects. For this journal, I'd like you to list one example of parallelism from each psalm and explain why it is effective.
On page 341 of your text, you'll find another translation of Psalm 23. This version of the psalm was translated by the Massachusetts Puritans and published in the Bay Psalm Book (1640). In a brief essay, compare and contrast this version with the version in the King James Bible. Tell which version you prefer and why, using examples from each text. Include in your discussion a comparison of the images, main ideas, sound effects and syntax. Because this is an essay, you should begin with an introductory paragraph that contains your thesis and end with a concluding paragraph. Make sure your essay is well organized and you support all of your contentions with specific examples from the text. You should include references to both translations in your response.
Worlds of Wisdom
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 5 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.3A: The Best Advice I’ve Ever Received

Take five minutes and complete the following thoughts in your journal.

"The best advice I ever received . . ."
"The wisest statement I've ever heard was . . ."
You should discuss the advice or statement and also explain why it was so important to you.
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 6 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.3B: Worlds of Wisdom

Answer the following questions in your journal. Make sure to follow the directions for each question carefully.

Some of the didactic literature you have read may express attitudes toward life that you find surprising, baffling, or in conflict with your own beliefs. Other pieces may strike you as accurately reflecting your beliefs. Choose two pieces of wisdom literature, one that expresses your beliefs and one that expresses a view different from your personal beliefs. Then write a brief essay explaining the similarities and differences between the literature you've chosen and your own belief system. Your essay should be at least four paragraphs long and should include an introductory and a concluding paragraph.
The most memorable proverbs stand the test of time because they address general truths. Think of a general truth about modern life and write it in the form of a proverb. If you can't think of a new topic, update a well-known proverb.
Didactic literature often uses metaphor and conveys its moral message indirectly. Do you think using metaphor obscures or illuminates the message. Explain your answer using at least two examples from what you've read.
A Modest Proposal
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 7 of 16

Journal Exercises 3.5A: Persuasive Writing Techniques

As you are reading, I'd like you to keep track of the persuasive techniques used by Swift in "A Modest Proposal."

In a blank document or on a separate piece of paper, label three sections as: Logical Appeals, Emotional Appeals and Ethical Appeals.
As you read "A Modest Proposal," note examples of each kind of appeal that you find in the essay. Use the questions in margins of the text to guide your thinking.
You will need these notes to answer questions after you have finished reading.
Part 2: After reading, look back over your notes for Part 1 and evaluate the effectiveness of the appeals on a literal level. Write a paragraph for each type of appeal discussing whether or not it would be effective if the essay were taken literally. Look again and evaluate whether or not the argument is effective satirically. Are the appeals effective in the satire? Support your answer with clear reasoning and specific examples from the text.

Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 8 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.5B: A Modern Proposal

Swift approached the problems of poverty and corruption from the point of view of a benevolent humanitarian and then proposed an outrageous solution to those problems. You are going to be writing your own ironic proposal. Follow the steps listed below and make sure label each part separately.

Part 1: Make a list of modern situations that you think desperately need to be addressed. Pretend you are a social worker, educator, environmentalist, or military advisor. Your list should include at least five problems that you think deserve immediate attention. After you've listed the problems, make a list of outrageous possible solutions.

Part 2: Following the model of "A Modest Proposal," draft your proposal outlining the solutions to the problem. Your proposal should be so outrageous that your readers will immediately see the severity of the problem. Remember that some readers may miss the irony and attack you for being insensitive. To lessen this possibility, make your moral outrage clear by the sheer outrageousness of your exaggerations.

Your essay should be between 300 and 500 words long and should be carefully crafted. You will be graded on the quality and correctness of your writing, as well as on how well you utilize the elements of satire (humor, irony, etc.)
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 9 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.5C: Responding to "A Modest Proposal"

Answer the following questions in your journal.

How is Boyle's satire in "Top of the Food Chain" similar to and different from Swift's proposal. Write a brief essay comparing these essays in terms of the content, purpose and language techniques used in each essay. Your response should be at least three paragraphs long.
Is Swift's irony effective in "A Modest Proposal," or does it risk being taken seriously by readers and arousing nothing more than disgust or outrage at the author? Explain your thinking in a brief paragraph of at least five sentences.
Vocabulary: ConnotationsDiction or word choice is especially important in persuasive writing. Swift is particularly skillful in choosing words with strong connotations-that is, words loaded with strong feelings, associations, or even judgments. Some of Swift's loaded words include:
o Savages
o Male and female
o Popish infants
o Beggars
o Rags
o Breeders
o Filth
o Idolatrous
o Carcasses
In each instance where the above words appear, another word or term could have been chosen to create a different, less harsh effect. For example, man and woman are gentler terms for male and female. By using the terms male and female, Swift is equating people with animals. Answer the following questions for six of the nine words listed above:"

Find the places in the text where the words listed above are used. What is the emotional effect of the each word choice?
What tamer or more positive words could have been used to create a different effect?
Alexander Pope
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 10 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.6A: Mock Versus Real Epic

"The Rape of the Lock" literally means "the violent theft of a lock of hair" and is based on a real incident. This mock epic examines the relationships between men and women in high society of the eighteenth century. A mock epic is a comic narrative poem, written in dignified language, which parodies the serious epic genre by treating a trivial subject in a lofty, grand manner.

As you're reading I'd like you to create and complete a chart similar to the one below, which directly compares mock and heroic epic poems.
If a counterpart to a convention of heroic epics is not immediately apparent in the mock epic, you can leave it blank.
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 11 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.6B: Alexander Pope

Respond to the following questions in your journal. Be sure to follow the directions for each question carefully.

List five examples of antithesis found in Alexander Pope's "Heroic Couplets." Identify the parallelism in each example.
In almost every sentence in our excerpt from "An Essay on Man," Pope says something flattering about the human race, only to follow it with something critical. What characteristics does he think we should be proud of? What does he think we should be ashamed of?
Do you disagree with any of Pope's opinions or pronouncements in the Heroic Couplets or "An Essay on Man"?
Based on what you have read of "The Rape of the Lock," what do you think the poem's theme or central message is? What or who are the objects of his satire?
Does the epic, "The Rape of the Lock" apply in any way to society today? Identify two passages that could serve as satiric commentaries on people's behavior today. Your answer should discuss both the passage and the comment that applies to contemporary life.
Comparing Satires
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 12 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.7A: Analyzing Humor

Satire relies on many techniques usually associated with comedy, including exaggeration, understatement, warped logic, improbable situations, and ridiculous names.

In your journal, make a chart like the following where you list each of the five techniques and as many examples you can find for each technique.
I'd like you to list at least four examples for each technique (exaggeration, understatement, warped logic, improbable situations, and ridiculous names).
Part 2: Looking back at the chart you made for Part 1, use the details you gathered on that chart to write a brief analysis of Voltaire's humor. When you analyze something, you take it apart and examine its elements to see how it works. The chart will show you many techniques used by Voltaire to ridicule his character and to make us laugh. At the end of your essay, describe the targets of Voltaire's satire.

Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 13 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.7B: Comparing Satires

Answer each of these questions in your journal. Make sure to follow the directions for each question.

Voltaire wrote Candide more that 230 years ago. In your opinion, how well has his satire held up? What value, if any, does Candide hold for someone growing up into today's world? Does Voltaire's underlying message against intolerance, cruelty, and smugness still apply? Write a brief paragraph addressing these questions.
Support your answer with specific examples from the text.
In his parody, Cervantes uses the techniques of exaggeration, verbal irony, incongruity, and humorous imitation. List one example of each technique used in this selection.
A foil is a character that is used as a contrast to another character. In what ways is Sancho Panza a foil to Don Quixote? Identify three behaviors of each of the two men that suggest they are opposites.
How do Don Quixote's optimism and idealism compare with Candide's? Do both of these characters "tilt at windmills," or do they manifest their philosophies in profoundly different ways? After you have addressed whether or not the main characters are similar or different, I'd like you to address the purpose of each satire, as well as the techniques each author uses to achieve his purpose. Your response should be three paragraphs long.
Education and Equality
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 14 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.8A: Your Views on Women’s Rights

Are men and women truly equal? Do they, or should they, have equal rights in society? Why or why not? What institutions in modern society help to promote equality or keep it from being achieved? What do you think of feminism? Do you prefer the terms human rights or women's rights?

Spend 10 minutes writing in your journal about your own views on women's rights and roles. Include in your discussion what term you think is most effective in discussing women's quest for equality.
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 15 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.8B: Patterns of Organizations

Part 1: Page 485 gives you a general idea of the most common pattern followed by authors who write persuasive essays. The pattern is:

State a position.
Clarify the position.
Offer supporting arguments or evidence.
Restate the position and make recommendations or judgments based upon it.
As you are reading "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," I'd like you to answer the questions posed in the margins on a separate piece of paper or in a blank document. Your answers will help you complete Part 2.

Part 2: After reading, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" I'd like you to outline the main points of the essay and show the details that the writer uses to support them. Your answers to the questions posed in the text will guide you in making your outline. Your outline should be written in outline form (see sample) and should include the main points covered by the author.

Outline:

I. Main Idea
A. Supporting Detail


Further evidence
Further evidence
B. Supporting Detail
Further evidence
Further evidence
II. Second Main Idea A. Supporting Detail

Further evidence
Further evidence
B. Supporting Detail
Further evidence
Further evidence
Lesson 3 Journal Entry # 16 of 16

Journal Exercise 3.8C: Responding to Literature

"Of Studies" was written almost four hundred years ago. Do you think Bacon's views are still relevant today? Are any of his points outdated? Do you disagree with anything Bacon says? Write a paragraph answering these questions.
In the Tilbury Speech, Queen Elizabeth says that she has the body of "a weak and feeble woman" but "the heart and stomach of a king." What inference can you draw about implicit and explicit ideas and assumptions concerning women and men? (An implicit idea is one that is not stated directly and must be inferred from the details. An explicit idea is stated directly). Why do you think she finds it necessary to mention her gender?

Review the excerpts from Margaret Cavendish's Female Orations (332). Characterize the speaker in each section. What arguments does each speaker present? What assumptions about women may have been valid in the seventeenth century but are no longer valid today?

Each of these writings makes strong claims about the rights of women. Discuss the effectiveness of each text, not only for what it says, but for how it gets its message across. What rhetorical devices do these writers use? Which writer, in your opinion, creates the most powerful and memorable argument. Your response should be at least three paragraphs long and should list at least four examples of rhetorical devices for each text discussed.

Mary Wollstonecraft uses wit and satire throughout the essay whenever she discusses the qualities conventionally assigned to men and to women. List three of those qualities. How does the writer satirize the belief that educating women will make them masculine?

Lesson 4

Topic Journal
Romantic Period
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 1 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.1A: Modern Day Poets

Wordsworth and the Romantics saw a very special place for the poet-in a role similar to priest, teacher, or master. In the Romantic view, the poet functions as a sort of spiritual guide to the inner realm of intuition, feeling, and imagination.

Do people see poets and artists in that light today, or are they viewed and valued differently?
What role do artists and poets play in our society today?
Write a brief description of the role they play now and also indicate what role you think they should play.
Your answer should be two paragraphs long.
Innocence and Experience: Blake
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 2 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.2A: Speaking Out Against Injustice

Blake uses his poetry to argue against social injustice. Two of his poems, both titled "The Chimney Sweeper," critique the life of poor children who were forced into this profession. This work was very dangerous and difficult. The children were very badly treated by masters who only cared about money.

If you could cry out against an evil of our day-and get people to listen-which social injustice would you protest?
Choose one and explain why. Discuss the methods you would use to protest and then choose one of them and write a brief protest.
If you'd like, you can write your response in the form of a poem or song.
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 3 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.2B: Responding to Literature

Why do human beings commit evil? Why does God allow the innocent to suffer? These questions profoundly disturbed Blake. One of his early conclusions about the problems of good and evil is that "Without contraries, there is no progression." How do "The Tyger" and "The Lamb" reflect what Blake called "two contrary states of human experience"? Do you think that Blake's assessment is correct? Do you believe these contrary states are
essential to human existence? Why or why not? What examples of this belief do you see in each of his poems? Your answer should be 1-2 paragraphs long.
How do you think the voice of "The Lamb" is different from the voice of the speaker in "The Tyger"? Why do you think the questions in "The Lamb" get answers? What imagery suggests that the tiger could be a force of enlightenment? Of revolutionary violence? Answer these questions in a paragraph.
What do you see as the theme of "A Poison Tree"? Use specific details from the poem to support your answer. Your answer should be at least three sentences long.
How would you describe the tone of each of the poems entitled "The Chimney Sweeper"? Use specific examples from each poem to support your answer.
If you had to choose your own symbols for the qualities
represented by Blake's tiger and lamb, what would they be?
Explain your reasoning in a brief paragraph.
Appreciating Nature: Wordsworth
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 4 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.3A: Responding to Literature

"Lines Composed a few Miles Above Tintern Abbey"
As you are re-reading "Lines Composed a few Miles Above Tintern Abbey" look for the end punctuation and then indents that signal the end of one stanza and the beginning of the next. Identify the number of stanzas in the poem. As you
read, also make notes about how Wordsworth uses the
stanzas to organize his ideas.
Write a brief essay discussing whether or not you think the pattern of organization used by Wordsworth is effective in achieving his tone in "Lines Composed a few Miles Above Tintern Abbey." First, identify the tone of the poem, and then discuss and least three unique organizational patterns that either contribute to or detract from that tone. Your answer should be at least three paragraphs long.
"Composed upon a Westminster Bridge"
What details of "Composed upon Westminster Bridge"
personify the city? List at least three examples from the poem.
List two influences of the Romantic movement evident in the poem and explain why they are Romantic.
Write a description of a city or town you know well. Use
personification to characterize your city or town. If you wish, you can begin your descriptions with Wordsworth's first line, "Earth has not anything to show more fair."
"The World Is Too Much with Us"
What is Wordsworth's purpose in alluding to mythology in the last lines of the poem? What emotions do these allusions evoke?
How are the ideas about materialism and progress in this poem relevant to today's world? What is your reaction to the speaker's attack on modern life? Do you agree with Wordsworth that, if people were in tune with nature, they would be happier and less materialistic? Write a paragraph explaining your answers to these questions.
Rebellious Spirit: Lord Byron
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 5 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.4A: Responding to Literature

Imagine that the dark beauty described by Byron reads this poem and discovers that it was written about her. Write a letter from the woman to Byron expressing what you think of the poem's portrayal of you. Are you flattered? Embarrassed? Outraged? Do you think the poem reveals the real you? In your letter quote specific lines from the poem and respond to them directly. Your letter should be at least three paragraphs long. You may write your letter in the form of a poem if you wish.
Byron's verse form in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is the
Spenserian stanza. How closely does stanza 2 adhere to the rhyme and rhythm of that form. What purpose does the
alexandrine fulfill?

In stanzas 2 and 3 of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, the speaker uses an apostrophe to address the sea. Write a prose apostrophe to some element of nature-sea, wind, fire, snow, thunderstorm, hail, etc. Use stanzas 2 and 3 as a model for your apostrophe. Make sure to frame your apostrophe so that you are directly addressing an element of nature. Your apostrophe should be a paragraph long (4-5 sentences).

Percy Bysshe Shelley
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 6 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.5A: Legacy Through Writing

All human beings and all beauty must perish, but can't our works survive us? Death is inevitable, but isn't what we leave behind proof that our passage through life mattered? Like the poets of another restless age, the Renaissance, the Romantic poets tried to answer these questions.

How would you answer them?
Discuss whether and how human beings can achieve immortality through their words or their work. If not through a creative process, then what can offer humans immortality?
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 7 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.5B: Responding to Literature

Answer the following questions in your journal

Each section of "Ode to a Western Wind" is a sonnet. Review the sonnet forms on pages 275-277 of your text and describe how Shelly has adapted the sonnet form to meet his needs.
Do Shelly's sonnets have turns? Why do you think he chose to use the form of sonnets that he did? Your answer should be at least two paragraphs long.
John Keats
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 8 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.6A: Responding to Literature

Select one of Keats' two sonnets and paraphrase it, line by line, using your own words. Remember, in the paraphrase you should put inverted sentences in standard word order. You should also rephrase the figures of speech to make it clear that you understand them. Sometimes poets omit words; if that is the case in one these sonnets, be sure to supply the missing words. Page 644 provides an example, paraphrasing the first lines of "When I Have Fears." Notice that paraphrasing is often longer and less interesting than the original, but through paraphrasing you can understand the poem better.
Identify an example of synesthesia in stanza 2 of "Ode to a
Nightingale." What sensory experience does it describe? What feeling or mood does the device help to create? How does the speaker's mood change from the beginning to the end of "Ode to a Nightingale"? What language or poetic devices does the author demonstrate the change in mood?
Essay: You've now read three different odes-two by Keats and one, now, by Shelley. For this essay, you will choose two of the odes and compare them. Compare their subject matters, their forms, tones, themes and the poetic devices used by the authors. Discuss the effectiveness of these elements, and discuss whichode you feel is the best example of what an ode should be. Your essay should be three paragraphs long and should include an introductory and a conclusion paragraph.
Samuel Coleridge
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 9 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.7A: Reading Activities for Mariner

As you are reading, keep a list of archaic words that are still in use today. Also, if you encounter words you do not know the meaning of as you are reading, I'd like you to guess at the meaning and write down your guess at the meaning. After finishing a stanza or two, check your guesses with the definitions in the margins or another dictionary. You should have a list of at least seven words after you are finished reading.

Part 2: As you are reading Rime of the Ancient Mariner, I also want you to keep track of what happens in a timeline. Your timeline should begin with "The ancient Mariner stops the Wedding Guest and begins to tell the story" and end with "The Wedding Guest leaves sadder and wiser." While you read and plot your timeline, add to your chart your responses to his story. When do you feel sympathy for him-or sorrow or fear? When does his story seem true, and when is it hopelessly distorted by guilt?
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 10 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.7B: Responding to Literature

The power of the imagination is often exalted in Romantic poetry. In your opinion, does "Kubla Khan" celebrate the imagination or caution against its indulgence? Support your response with at least two examples from the poem.
As you will remember from Lesson 3, an allegory is a narrative in which the characters, settings, and actions are symbolic-they have both literal and figurative meaning. Write a brief essay (2-3 paragraphs) describing what the various elements (the ancient Mariner, the wedding, the ship, and the albatross) symbolize and what moral lesson Coleridge is attempting to teach.
For the most part, the form of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is written in a regular ballad stanza. Occasionally, however, Coleridge varies the meter of the lines and the length of the stanza. Choose one of these variations and explain how it differs from a regular one. Be sure to indicate the line number(s) you are referring to. What effect do you think the changes have on the poem?
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is famous for its use of vivid figurative language and memorable sound devices. Find in the poem a striking example of each of the following: simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, assonance, and internal rhyme. Then discuss what effect these elements have on the overall effect of the ballad.
Frankenstein: Letters through Chapter III
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 11 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.8A: The Themes in Frankenstein

Directions: I want you to take a moment and think of examples in your life today of the themes listed below. For instance, do you see any examples in your life of beautiful things being more highly valued than less attractive or ugly things; or, can you think of any examples of things that appear differently from what they really are? In this assignment, comment on each of the following themes in your journal and discuss what place or role they have in our cultural perspective today. Which of the themes are valued as being beneficial and or admirable and which are not:

Beauty and Ugliness
Love
Hate
Revenge
Parent/Child Relationships
Technological advancement
Ambition
Pursuit of knowledge
As you read Frankenstein you will encounter many of these themes. You can refer back to these notes as you try to understand these themes.

Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 12 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.8 B: Frankenstein Reader's Notebook
You should create the following headings below the Frankenstein Reader's Notebook entry in your journal: Vocabulary, Personal Reflections, Quotes, and Responding to Literature. Label your first entries under each section "Letters through Chapter III". You will repeat these entries for each of the next three topics.

1. Vocabulary
In your notebook, you will keep track of new words that
you've learned. At the end of every section, you should have a list of at least 10 new words you encountered and their definitions. You can check word definitions with an online dictionary or use one of your own. You can also guess at their definitions based on the clues in the story. At the end of every topic, you should write a brief paragraph summarizing the sections and use at least five of those words in your paragraph.
2. Personal reflection
You will also write down your thoughts/reflections on what you have read. At the end of each section you will answer the following questions:
What happened? This can be a very brief summary--even a list.
What questions do I have about what happened?
What do I think will happen next? What clues do I have to support my thoughts?
What characters did I meet? How are they related?
What recurring commentary or theme occurred in the section? (Refer back to your quickwrite notes from earlier if necessary.)
What broader comment about life or science do you think the author was making? Do I agree?
What evidence do you have for your thoughts about the
theme? (You can use the quotes section of this notebook for inspiration.)
3. Quotes
In your Reader's Notebook, record quotes from Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus that strike you as interesting or representative of the book. You should have three to four quotes for each reading assignment.
When you finish the book, you will be writing an essay analyzing the theme of the novel; and you will use your notes from your Reader's Notebook to assist you in your writing.
4. Responding to Literature:
What do Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein have in common? How are their goals, personalities, and situations similar? How are they different? How does Robert Walton feel about finding a friend?
Why is the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner significant to Robert Walton? What effect does the allusion to this poem have on the story? Explain in a brief paragraph.
Frankenstein Chapters IV-XVII
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 13 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.9A: Responsibility and Accountability

In your journal, I'd like you to discuss who should be held most responsible for each given situation and the outcome:

A passerby tries to revive a person who has stopped breathing with CPR. In the process of performing CPR, the patient suffers a broken rib and a punctured lung and ends up in the hospital for a few weeks. Should the passerby be held responsible for the injury?
A young child and a mother are begging for food and money on a street corner. A wealthy couple walks by without offering any assistance and the child dies of starvation. Should the couple assume any responsibility for the child's death?
Jane has always been Katie's best friend. One day, Katie gets angry at Jane and spreads terrible rumors about her. Jane is so embarrassed and ashamed of the things Katie has said she drops out of school and does not graduate. What responsibility does Katie have for Jane's depression and lack of success?
Will a person who is treated cruelly always respond by treating others with cruelty, or is it possible to return good for ill? Explain.
What circumstances justify taking revenge? What are the benefits of revenge? What are the harms?

Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 14 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.9: Add to your Frankenstein Reader's Notebook

1. Vocabulary
As you are reading, you are going to be keeping a Reader’s Notebook. In your notebook, you will keep track of new words that you’ve learned. At the end of every section, you should have a list of at least 10 new words you encountered and their definitions. You can check word definitions with an online dictionary or use one of your own. You can also guess at their definitions based on the clues in the story. At the end of every topic, you should write a brief paragraph summarizing the sections and use at least five of those words in your paragraph.
2. Personal reflection
You will also write down your thoughts/reflections on what you have read. At the end of each section you will answer the following questions:
What happened? This can be a very brief summary--even a list.
What questions do I have about what happened?
What do I think will happen next? What clues do I have to support my thoughts?
What characters did I meet? How are they related?
What recurring commentary or theme occurred in the section? (Refer back to your quickwrite notes from earlier if necessary.)
What broader comment about life or science do you think the author was making? Do I agree?
What evidence do you have for your thoughts about the theme? (You can use the quotes section of this notebook for inspiration.)
3. Quotes
In your Reader's Notebook, record quotes from Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus that strike you as interesting or representative of the book. You should have three to four quotes for each reading assignment.
When you finish the book, you will be writing an essay analyzing the theme of the novel; and you will use your notes from your Reader's Notebook to assist you in your writing.

4. Responding to Literature:

As you're reading, I'd like you to pay close attention to the discussion of people's appearances. Who is described as being beautiful? Who is described as being ugly or unattractive? What happens to the beautiful people? What happens to the less attractive? List three people described as being beautiful and describe their fates. Who is described as being ugly? What is his/her fate?
What about the monster makes him a sympathetic
character? What makes him less sympathetic? What parts of his personality make him appear human? What parts are inhuman? Answer these questions in a brief paragraph.
From what you know at the end of this reading, whose fault is what's become of the Monster? Who should be held responsible? What can or should Victor do now to make it right? What should the Monster do?
List at least three influences of the Romantic movement and three examples of the Gothic elements from the text.

Frankenstein Chapter XVIII-End and Connections
Lesson 4 Journal Entry # 15 of 15

Journal Exercise 4.10: Reader's Notebook

Add to the Reader's Notebook section in your journal. I've included the directions for the Reader's Notebook below. Label this topic's entries "Chapter XVIII and Connections".

Directions: As you have been reading, you have been keeping a Reader's Notebook. This will be the last section of your notebook.

1. Vocabulary
In your notebook, you will keep track of new words that you've learned. At the end of every section, you should have a list of at least 10 new words you encountered and their definitions. Write a brief paragraph summarizing the sections and use at least five of those words in your paragraph.
2. Personal reflection
You will also write down your thoughts/reflections on what you have read. At the end of each section you will answer the following questions:
What happened?
What questions do I have about what happened?
What characters did I meet? How are they related? What was the ultimate fate of the characters I have met before?
What recurring commentary or theme occurred in the
section? (Refer back to your quickwrite notes from earlier if necessary)
What broader comment about life or science do you think the author was making? Do I agree? What evidence do you have for yourthoughts about the theme?
3. Quotes
In your notebook, record quotes from Frankenstein that strike you as interesting or representative of the book. You should have three to four quotes for each reading assignment.
4. Essay
What is the theme of Frankenstein?
Write a brief essay exploring the theme. You can choose either to use one of the themes discussed earlier or identify one of your own. Your essay should be at least five paragraphs long and should incorporate specific quotes and examples from the text. Make sure you
include analysis about the selections you choose to incorporate in your essay.
5 Responding to Literature
a. How is Frankenstein a "Modern Prometheus"? Explain the allusion in a 1-2 paragraph response.
b. What does Shelley do to show that both the Monster and
Frankenstein are obsessed with revenge? Does either of
them win? Explain your answer.
Choose either C or D to answer in your notebook.
c. At the end of the novel, the Monster sees Frankenstein one last time after he has died. If they had a chance to talk, what do you think they would say to each other? Compose a dialogue of their imagined final meeting. Your dialogue should reflect the feelings of each character about the other and about himself. Be sure to include what you've learned about each character, including motivations, experiences
and emotions revealed throughout the novel. Your dialogue should be at least 10 lines long.
d. Write a brief review of the novel. Did you think it was well written? Did it spark and keep your interest? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the novel? If you have read other horror novels or seen horror films, how does Frankenstein compare to modern horror books or movies? Include in your review what you liked and what you didn't like. Also discuss whether or not you think the book should be recommended to other students. Your review should be at least two paragraphs long.

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