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Essay Instructions: Argumentative essay,3 full-pages

Topic of essay is The Economic Effects of Spain''s Discoveries in the "Age of Discovery"(15th-17th Cen).

Points that must be addressed-
What were there discoveries
What started the changes
What where the long term effects
How where people effected by these changes
Where there other countries effected, how


Because this is argumentative essay it needs to touch on the pros and cons

Essay Instructions: AS PART OF THE BACKGROUND OF THE COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA, WE REVIEWED EUROPE PRIOR AND DURING THE AGE OF DISCOVERY: THE RENAISSANCE, THE IMPACT OF THE INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN MONACHIES, THE CRUSADES AND SPREAD OF CHRISTENDOM, THE BLACK PLAGUE, AND THE EXPANSION OF CAPITALISM. REFLECT ON THIS KNOWLEDGE AND WHAT NEW UNDERSTANDINGS THIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE REVEALS ABOUT THE COLONIZATION OF AMERICAS.

Essay Instructions: BOOK: Boorstin, D. J. (1983). The Discoverers: A History of Man's search to know his world and himself.. New York, New York: Random House Incorporated.


Individual Assignment: I, Explorer Paper

You are a ship’s captain with a desire to explore the oceans. You are aware that new innovations in sailing may allow for just such a trip. In the mid 1400s, the wealthy and powerful Prince Henry the Navigator formed at his villa a “primitive Research and Development Laboratory” (Boorstin, p. 161). It became “a center for cartography, for navigation, and for shipbuilding” (Boorstin, p. 162). He oversaw expeditions that successfully explored the coast of Africa, and in doing so, he launched the Age of Discovery. As a ship’s captain, you are part of this new age of exploration.

Resources: Review the maps available on the following websites:
o The James Bell Ford Library: Click on The Collection in the left column. Choose Historical Maps from the menu. Click Historical Map Images in the right column for a list of map images.

o Emerson Kent.com: Scroll down to the Map Archive listings. Choose a time period to view the maps. Click on a map to enlarge the image.

Choose one of these scenarios:
o It is the early 1400s and you want to approach Prince Henry the Navigator with a proposal for a trip down the coast of Africa.

o It is the late 1400s and you want to approach the King of Portugal, Manual I, with a proposal for a trip to India around the tip of Africa and across the Indian Ocean.

o It is the late 1400s and you want to approach the Queen of Castile, Isabella I, with a proposal for a trip across the Atlantic in search of a western route to the Indies.

o It is the early 1500s and you want to approach the King of Spain, Charles V, with a proposal for a trip to circumnavigate the globe in search for a western route to the Indies.

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word letter to your chosen patron that includes the following:
o Describe the technological barriers that you are going to overcome.
o Discuss the economic benefits of your trip,
o Address the political and cultural norms your trip will challenge.

Consider at least three or four of the following in your letter:
o Inaccurate maps and Christian maps
o Rudimentary navigational tools
o Lack of funding
o Religious dogma
o Cross-staff
o Caravel
o Waterproofing techniques
o Improvements in sails and rope making
o Access to supplies
o Understanding of the shape of the world
o Longitude and latitude
o Magnetic compass

Essay Instructions: PART ONE (essays):

Please answer the following five questions in 5 separate short essays. Each essay must be at least 4 FULL paragraphs. Each essay should answer to its corresponding question in a clear and thorough manner. Please note that there are multiple questions/parts within each of the 5 essays, so please make sure to answer ALL parts of the question (for instance, in question #1, there are 5 questions/ parts you have to answer, and all of them have to be addressed in the essay for question #1). Please DO NOT use any outside books or resource materials; all the answers to each question can be found in the books/videos mentioned within that specific question. For example, in question #1, you may only refer to Amartya Sen?s book, ?Development as Freedom;? trust me, it has all the answers to the question. Same thing for question #2; you may only refer to the books called ?International Development and the Social Sciences? by Cooper and Packard and ?Globalization and its Discontents? by Joseph Stiglitz. Then for questions 4 and 5, you have more options (in terms of the number of books and/or videos you may draw your answers from, but once again, please stick to the readings/videos named only). You do not need to use quotes from the texts; when you find the answers to the questions in these texts, please paraphrase the point the author was trying to make and answer the question in your own words (in accordance with what the text was saying, of course). Please state what chapter and page(s) you found each answer, so I can find what parts of the books you pulled your answers from.
If you have any questions about this order, please e-mail me directly as soon as possible at: some1special_82@hotmail.com

Thank you very much and have a good day! Here are the questions for the 5 short essays:


1) Using the book called ?Development as Freedom? by Amartya Sen, explain how a working democracy is fundamental for both opportunity and economic growth. Describe one nation that exemplifies these relationships and describe another nation that would appear to contradict it. How might Sen?s insistence of the centrality of democratic processes be a difficult proposition in some cases (e.g. where democracy and culture might collide) and how might he explain this problem?

2) Using the book called ?International Development and the Social Sciences? by Cooper and Packard and the book called ?Globalization and its Discontents? by Joseph Stiglitz, explain how the modern global institutions of development came into being and discuss how the West has historically dictated the terms of development for other nations. How have these institutions been able to command respect, authority, and legitimacy over time? Mention how institutional knowledge is created and perpetuated by these institutions.

3) In the book called ?International Development and the Social Sciences,? the authors (Cooper and Packard) mention that disciplines such as economics are universalizing disciplines while the fields of history and anthropology contextualize. In the context of development, explain what they mean by this. Why does development tend to favor ?universalization? and why might contextualizing be important to development? Then, describe which approach economist Amartya Sen might advocate for drawing from Development as Freedom.

4) If you were charged with the task of evaluating the successes or failures of your own development program (please invent your own development program and briefly describe it), what indicators would you use (real or imagined) and why would you use them? Would you use traditional indicators (e.g. GDP) or would you use qualitative measures such as ?quality or life? indicators and what would be the pros and cons of these approaches? Draw from any of the readings below to support your argument.

5) Drawing from any of the following readings or films, describe the concept of utopia, its origins, and why it?s the cornerstone to understanding present day development:

BOOKS:

Andrew Apter
The Pan-African Nation: Oil and the Spectacle of Culture in Nigeria
University of Chicago Press (2005)
(Only the Introduction and Chapter 1)

Frederick Cooper and Randall Packard, eds.
International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of
Knowledge
UC Press (1997)
(Only pages 1-41)

Clifford Geertz
Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian
Towns
University of Chicago Press (1963)
(Only Pages 1-27)

Amartya Sen
Development as Freedom
Anchor Books, Random House Inc. NY (1999)
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Globalization and its Discontents
W.W. Norton & Co. NY & London (2003)
(Only pages xi-xiv; pages 3-11; chapters 1-6)

ARTICLES :

J. Martin Evans
The Best of All Possible Worlds. Pp. 1-19
America: The View from Europe.
Stanford Alumni (1976)
(Only pages 1-19)

David Blundell
The Traveling Seminar: An Experiment in Cross-Cultural Tourism and Education in
Taiwan. National Association for Practicing Anthropology (NAPA) Bulletin. American
Anthropology Association, 23:234-251 (2005)

Lance Morrow
Welcome to the Global Village. Time Magazine. May 29th. P. 41 (1989)


FILMS:

1) ?The Renaissance and the Age of Discovery The Renaissance and the New
World?

2) ?The On-going Story?



PART TWO (vocabulary):

Please define the following terms or dates, which were pulled from the readings above. The definition you give must not be a dictionary definition, but the definition that came up in the reading. Also, please mention the significance of the term or date as was stated by the authors. This does not have to be long; a couple of sentences will be fine.

Example: 1453 - Constantinople fell to the Ottomans ending the Byzantine Empire that existed since Emperor Constantine. The city of Constantinople fell from Christian rule and was renamed Istanbul. From this date commerce eastwards was restricted and the West had to explore other avenues to reach Orient trade. This stimulated further division in the world between Islam and Christianity. The price of spice soared. And pathways utilizing the Atlantic to reach the East became increasingly justified for navigators.


Once again, thank you so much, and good luck to you! Here are the terms and dates:

Prince Henry the Navigator

1492

Treaty of Tordesillas 1493

Enlightenment

glasnost

colonies

third world

emerging nations

developing

backward

village vs. bush environments

Bandung conference of 1955

nonalignment

decolonization

Newly Industrialized Nations (NIC)

Marxism

capitalism

commodity

International Labor Organization (LIO)

Non-governmental Organization (NGO)

underdevelopment

postmodern

sustainable development

globalization in the economic sense

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC)

1945

poverty

?unfreedom? ref. Sen

?individual capacities? ref. Sen

?agency? ref. Sen

utopia

***Please note: if you need any of the articles, I can fax or e-mail them to you, but the books and videos you will have to find for yourself. So, if you need me to e-mail any of the articles to you, let me know ASAP because you have only a couple of days to work on this. Thanks!***