U.S. Foreign Policy Towards North Research Proposal

(Efimova, 2007, paraphrased)

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

North Korea underwent internal changes as well as changes due to external factors that placed North Korea in a defensive stance in its focus on strategically avoiding threats and in rebuilding its own self-reliance economically. For North Korea since the Berlin Wall fell the use of conventional weapons by North Korea in defending itself from external foes has not been a feasible proposition, therefore, it is apparent that North Korea acquired nuclear capabilities because of the value of these capabilities as use as a method for ensuring adequate self-defense in what the regime in North Korea views as a highly unstable security environment and one in which North Korea is quite terrified that will result in the United States becoming aggressive from a military standpoint.

It really can not be held as true that the reason for the development of nuclear capability in North Korea was one that was driven simply on the bases of the country's elite and their own personal interests but instead has arisen as a problem because of the North Koreans lack of any real leverage politically, economically and in the way of resources. The present regime in North Korea has not real intention of engaging the country at the global political level as this regime has effectively isolated itself. The current policy of the United States is the promotion of counter-proliferation strategies and offense strikes that are pre-emptive in nature and geared toward the disarmament on the level of diplomacy or alternatively the launching of military conflicts against Third World countries who have acquired nuclear weapons or nuclear capabilities. What remains uncertain is how it is that the United States can with any validity claim that while it has the right to ownership of nuclear weapons and use of nuclear capabilities that other smaller and poorer countries should be disallowed the same rights of ownership, procurement or development or at least in the view of countries and their regimes such as that in North Korea.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lin, Liu (2006) The North Korean Nuclear Test and Its Implications. Central-Asia -- Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program. Online available at: http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/Silkroadpapers/2006/LiuLin%20Final061204.pdf.

Yongho, Kim and Yi, Yurim (2005) Security Dilemmas and Signaling During the North Korean Nuclear Standoff.Asian Perspective. Vol. 29, No.3, 2005, pp. 73-97. Online available at: http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v29n3-d.pdf

Xizhen, Zhang and Brown, Eugene (2000) Policies Toward North Korea: A Time for New Thinking. Journal of Contemporary China. Vol. 9, Issue 25, November 2000. pp.535-545.

Sujian, Guo and Stradiotto, Gary A. (2007) The Nature and Direction of Economic Reform in North Korea. Political Studies, Vol.55, No. 4 December 2007. pp. 754-778(25) Blackwell Publishing.

Bleiker, Roland. 2003. "A Rogue is a Rogue: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Korean Nuclear Crisis." International Affairs 79, 4: 719-737.

Haass, Richard N. (2005) Regime Change and Its Limits. Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005. Vol. 84. Issue 4. pp.67-78.

Efimova, Anna (2007) North Korean and Nuclear Problem in Regional and Global Context. Anno Accademico 2006-2007. Online available at: http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/2595/3/Efimova.pdf

Lin, Liu (2006) The North Korean Nuclear Test and Its Implications. Central-Asia -- Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program. Online available at: http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/Silkroadpapers/2006/LiuLin%20Final061204.pdf.

Ibid

Yongho, Kim and Yi, Yurim (2005) Asian Perspective. Vol. 29, No.3, 2005, pp. 73-97. Online available at: http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v29n3-d.pdf

Xizhen, Zhang and Brown, Eugene (2000) Policies Toward North Korea: A Time for New Thinking. Journal of Contemporary China. Vol. 9, Issue 25, November 2000. pp.535-545.

Ibid

Sujian, Guo and Stradiotto, Gary A. (2007) The Nature and Direction of Economic Reform in North Korea. Political Studies, Vol.55, No. 4 December 2007. pp. 754-778(25) Blackwell Publishing.

Ibid

Ibid

Efimova, Anna (2007) North Korean and Nuclear Problem in Regional and Global Context. Anno Accademico 2006-2007. Online available at: http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/2595/3/Efimova.pdf

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Ibid

Haass, Richard N. (2005) Regime Change and Its Limits. Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005. Vol. 84. Issue 4. pp.67-78. in: Efimova, Anna (2007) North Korean and Nuclear Problem in Regional and Global Context. Anno Accademico 2006-2007. Online available at: http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/2595/3/Efimova.pdf

Efimova, Anna (2007) North Korean and Nuclear Problem in Regional and Global Context. Anno Accademico 2006-2007. Online available at: http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/2595/3/Efimova.pdf.....