Exercises How Are Urinalysis, Blood Essay

There is also aneed to discontinue all the nephrotoxic drugs as well as the elimination of exposure to any form of nephrotoxins. All forms of electrolyte abnormalities must be properly corrected.Uric acid and pigments can be treated using alkaline dieresis. Alcohol drip and fomepizole should be used for treating methanol or ethyl glycol poisoning.

Postrenal acute renal failure is caused by the obstruction of the urinary collection system which is distal to the kidney.The obstruction is noted to lead to increased pressure in the patient's Bowman's capsule with the resulting impediment of glomerular filtration. Prolonged results ultimately lead to postrenal renal failure. The management of the condition includes the treatment of the various or specific underlying cause (s) such as high blood pressure, trauma or toxins

Intrarenal acute renal failure is caused by the primary dysfunction of the kidney's nephrons, it may however be caused by vascular, glomerular as well as interstitial etiologies.In most cases, the problem occurs within the renal tubules with the result of tubular necrosis. Cases of ATN may occur with ischemic and nephrotoxic insults.The management of the condition includes the treatment of the various or specific underlying cause (s) such as high blood pressure, trauma or toxins. There are also pharmacologic interventions such as gallopamil treatment (Lumlertgul et al.,1991)

How do the various forms of glomerulonephritis affect the permeability of the basement membrane?

Various forms of glomerulonephritis affect the permeability of the basement membrane due to the presence of glomeruli "crescents." The formation of these crescents starts by the passage of various amounts of fibrin into the kidney;s Bowman due to the increased permeability of the patient's Bowman capsule as well as an influx in the level of monocytes. The rapid growth as well as fibrosis of the crescents leads to the compression of capillary loops as well as a decrease of the Bowman's space.Renal failure occurs within weeks.

What effect does urinary obstruction have on glomerular filtration, urinary stasis, and infection risk?

Urinary obstruction has various effects on glomerular filtration, urinary stasis, and infection risk.It causes a decrease in the rate of glomerular filtration as well as renal plasma flow (Klahrs, Morrison, Buerkert,1990).Urinary obstruction is a cause of urinary stasis. It causes and aggravates the level of urinary stasis.Urinary obstruction increase the risk of infection.

References

Banfi, G., Del Fabbro, M (2005).Serum Creatinine Values in Elite Athletes Competing in 8 Different Sports: Comparison with Sedentary People. Clinical Chemistry February 2006 vol. 52 no. 2 330-331

Deepak a. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1, 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-149868-0.

Klahr S, Morrison a, Buerkert J.(1980).Effects of urinary tract obstruction on renal function. Contrib Nephrol. 1980;23:34-46.

Landry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. in: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 116.

Lumlertgul D, Wongmekiat O, Sirivanichai C, Hundagoon P, Keoplung M, Conger JD, Schrier RW (1991).Intrarenal infusion of gallopamil in acute renal failure. A preliminary report. Drugs. 1991;42 Suppl 1:44-50.

McPherson RA, Ben-Ezra J, Zhao S. Basic examination of urine. in: McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Company; 2006:chap 27.

National Kidney Foundation (2002).What You need to know about Urinalysis.Available online at http://www.kidney.org/atoz/pdf/urinalysis.pdf

Patel, HP (2006).The abnormal urinalysis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Jun;53(3):325-37.....