Smoking Cessation Term Paper

Smoking Cessation

Studies of six diverse communities in Chicago, poor women under welfare reform and Medicaid recipients as well as a focus group of seniors concerning smoking cessation showed that 1) populations do vary in their smoking behavior and ability to stop smoking and 2) programs must be developed to target specific demographics.

Although prior studies showed that poorer individuals have worse health, comparatively less research has been conducted specifically on a subgroup of this population -- single mothers receiving welfare. Kaplan et. al. (2005) hypothesized that the health of these women is not only at risk, but that the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996, made this problematic situation even worse. The researchers thus compared the health of single mothers from Michigan who were impacted by welfare reform with a nationally representative sample of women.

Results indicated that current smoking rates were higher and smoking cessation rates lower among the women welfare recipients than the national sample. In addition, women welfare recipients had poorer health, including higher rates of elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and hypertension as well as lower peak expiratory flow and less physical functioning. The authors concluded: "The absence of well-designed studies of the physical health status of poor women and their families as they weather one of the most sweeping social policy changes ... represents an important missed opportunity" (Kaplan n.p.).Studies are needed on how specific policy changes affect a population's health and make empirical data on health part of evaluating the impact of such changes.

A 2005 study by Dell et. al. likewise indicated disparities among populations in Chicago. Recognizing that smoking behavior may not be similar for all communities, the authors analyzed smoking data to research variations. A health survey of six racially and ethnically diverse communities included questions about present smoking, smoking history, and cessation attempts. The authors found smoking prevalence varied from 18% in the wealthiest or predominately White community to 39% in the poorest or mostly Black community. Further, 46 to 58% of smokers reported they tried to quit during the past year and 49 to 75% of current smokers were still trying to stop.

'However, less than 4% of the Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement funds are being spent on smoking prevention, or even on health in general, in Illinois ... Understanding community-level smoking rates could improve the allocation of resources and assist the shaping of culturally meaningful prevention efforts" (Dell n.p.)

Murphy et. al. (2005) researched a Medicaid population to determine the success of the smoking cessation pharmacotherapy program. The objectives were to (1) assess awareness of this benefit among Medicaid smokers and (2) compare pharmacotherapy use among Medicaid smokers to those in a general Western New York population......