Methylphenidate Is Part of a Therapy Regimen Essay

Methylphenidate is part of a therapy regimen for the control of the symptoms of Attention Deficity Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD in adults and children (Ogbru 2013, Medline Plus 2012). It stimulates the central nervous system similarly as amphetamines but more mildly. The effects of methylphenidate are also more noticeable on mental activities than in physical movements. It also is used in treating narcolepsy and Attention Deficit Disorder or ADD. Stimulants control these symptoms by changing the amount of natural substances in the brain responsible for the conditions. But both classes of stimulants are carefully used because of their potential abuse. They calm the patient, reduce their hyperactivity and increase attention span. FDA approved methylphenidate in 1955 (Ogbru, MedlinePlus).

Generic and Trade Names

Generic names -- methylphenidate, Methylphenidylacetate hydrochloride

Trade names -- Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, Ritalin, Adderall

Toxicity and Side Effects

It is to be used with cause on patients with relatives who suffer from Tourette's psychosis, emotional instability, major depression, glaucoma or motor tics (NIDA 2009, MedlinePlus 2012, Ogbru 2013).It must also be used cautiously on patients with a history of substance or alcohol abuse. Long-term abuse can develop tolerance or psychological dependence, which can in turn, lead to dangerous or abnormal behavior (NIDA, MedlinePlus, Ogbru).

Side Effects

Nervousness

Agitation

Anxiety

Insomnia

Loss of appetite

Abdominal pain

Weight loss

Sleep problems

Other Side Effects -- nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, headache, involuntary movements, chest pain, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and psychosis (NIDA 2009,

Indications for Use

It comes in the form of an immediate-release tablet, as a chewable tablet, in liquid

form, as an intermediate-acting tablet, as a long-acting capsule or as an extended-release long-acting tablet. The long-acting and capsule forms act immediately and release the rest over a long duration. All these are taken orally.

It should be taken exactly as directed by the physician.

The tablets should be thoroughly chewed, followed by a full 8-ounce glass of water or another liquid. If not enough liquid is taken after the chewable tablet, it.....