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Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Causes of why an Individual may have Difficulties in Reading.
Linguistic causes of why an individual may have difficulties in reading
The causes
Auditory language related impairment - some individuals with reading difficulty have deficiency in distinguishing differences in sound. In a similar way, some individuals may have difficulty in detecting tones within noise
Visual magnocellular-Deficit hypothesis - impairment in visual processing system may lead some word to seem incoherent and to confuse stumbling readers
Neural - Aside from deficiency in the visual and the auditory system, imaging studies show that readers have processing deficits in the cerebellum, as well as having smaller lobes in the cerebellum compared to non-dyslexic participants.
Memory deficits
Characteristics a student may display
Delay in speaking- starting with speech older than the general age of 12 months
Difficulties with pronunciation -- often mixing syllables and omitting beginning syllables
Difficulty in learning the letters of the alphabet
Recalling incorrect phonemes -- such as seeing the image of a donkey and saying "dog'
Insensitivity to rhyme -- difficulty recognizing rhyming sounds
Research
Neuroimaging shows that some reading impairment may be reduced to developmental dyslexia where, for instance, the brain confuses letters because they sound alike (rather than dyslexia being simply a visual problem), or the brain has difficulties, along a spectrum, in either the memory, motor and cognitive systems.The brain imperfectly visualizes and divides letters. Poor readers use different neural pathways than effective readers, and defective readers moreover rely on Broca's area for decoding text. Not only do dyslexic brains work harder at decoding, but they also different parts of the brain than good readers do
Strategies to help a student become a more successful reader
Early diagnosis - Using measures of school performance, such as the response-to-treatment model which identifies….....