Performance and Social Responsibility Capstone Project

nurses play a very important role in the emotional, spiritual, and physical care of the patient with different illness. When it comes to nursing homes, nurses are responsible for the well-being of the individuals there. Even though majority of the persons there are not critically there, they still depend on nurses for their care both medically and emotionally.

Sanghine (2013) reported that two nursing home nurses managed to turn off the alarms of nineteen patients at night so they would not be disturbed during their sleep. They were caught when the care home manager checked up on them in the middle of the night. IT was reported that elderly patients in ages 75 to 100 were not able to call for help. Not only that, they also reported ill treatment to the persons only because they preferred their own comfort and sleep before their duty at the nursing home.

The primary job a nurse at the nursing home is to look after all the needs of the elderly patient show are there. Primarily, the nurses are suppose to make sure that these patients maintain their hygiene, have clean beds and getting the nutrition that they need. Furthermore, the nurses need to look over their vital signs and make sure that their medication is given on time. Furthermore, they are also assigned the duty of administering intravenous injections or drawing blood as per need is required.

Seeing the description above, it is quite clear that nurses are quite overworked regardless of which setting they are in. Their responsibilities are quite a lot than what they can undertake. Seeing this, it is not surprising to note the amount of errors that occur because of nursing fatigue. Hughes & Rogers (2008) noted that lack of sleep and fatigue leads to life threatening errors caused by nurses. This can mean either insufficient Monitoring or wrong administration of the patient. Many patients who are in critical care needs to be observed very carefully. Any alarm sign if missed can lead to trouble in the future and can worsen the prognosis of the patients.

It has been stated that it is very common for nurses to fall asleep when they working nights (Scott et.al, 2006) It has been reported by one fifth of the nurses that they have trouble staying awake during night. A survey revealed that the rate of falling asleep in the night shift is around 35.5% (Lee.1992) Altered sleep patterns have been directly linked to effects like reduced motivation, cognitive problems, and reduced job performance. Lack of sleep has also been linked to the development of depression and other psychosocial problems as well (Baldwin et.al, 1997)

Overall, it has been shown that nursing fatigue and errors is linked to a probability of error in 34 events every day in a teaching hospital where are 1000 nursing shifts every day. This is a huge amount considering that people opt for hospital care because it is less prone to error and it is timelier. When admitted in a hospital, people are likely to get medications through an intravenous or an intramuscular route. This makes their condition even more sensitive. Any slight error can lead to fatal consequences for both the patient and the hospital where the patient is admitted.

Literature Review

Article 1: Rella, S., Winwood, P., & Lushington, K. (2009). When does nursing burnout begin? An investigation of the fatigue experience of Australian nursing students. Journal Of Nursing Management, 17(7), 886 -- 897.

Purpose

This article written by Rella et.al (2009) talks about the chronic maladaptive fatigue evolution of nursing students in Australia. The major aim of this article was to look into the first hand experience and remarks that nursing students provided after being exposed to the long working hours.

This article is cross sectional design study that looks into the signs and symptoms of serious maladaptive stress and fatigue in the students. It looks onto how these students combat increased stress during the years and the effect o this stress on them.

Summary

These nurses opted from a salaried structure to a university-based degree. This implies that they preferred working in a teaching hospital, as a teaching nurse rather than at a hospital where they are just paid for the job of nursing that they do. In this study, a large group of nursing students in Australia participated in an internet-based study across a span of three years. The results revealed that across the course of the course, poor recovery and levels of maladaptive fatigue clearly increased in their students.This study went on to conclude that even during nursing training, many students undergo psychosocial stress. They need some form of psychosocial support groups so that they can make the most from these experiences. This study highlighted the importance of a nursing manger that is aware of the level of suffering and fatigue that these nursing students have to go through. This study showed that because of stress and fatigue, many students go on to quit the profession early. They feel that they will not be able to cope up with it and they quit the profession.

This article is relevant to the project because it provides first hand experience of stress and fatigue when it comes to the profession of nursing. The persons who are just beginning to study this profession are under so much stress, this just signal how much stress there would be in the actual occupation. This study shows that if students are not able to cope stress in the early years, they will show signs of stress and burn out alter on as well. This would ultimately cause nursing fatigue and lead to errors in the future. The articles mentions that stress management techniques and a direct communication link with the support groups are quite essential for these students. These results can therefore be applied in the project that will be discussed below.

Article 2: Chaudhury, H., Mahmood, A., & Valente, M. (2009). The effect of environmental design on reducing nursing errors and increasing efficiency in acute care settings a review and analysis of the literature. Environment And Behavior, 41(6), 755 -- 786.

Purpose

This article written by Chaudhary et al. (2009) discusses the impact of physical environment on the output that is given by nurses. The major objective in this article states that certain conditions can aggravate staff stress, failure and burnout. All of this would ultimately lead to nursing fatigue and would increase the chances of error. The major purpose was therefore to design possible responses that would ultimately enhance the performance of the nurses through their sound physical health.

This article is systematic review in which different variables such as lighting, furniture, noise levels and design layout are explored to affect the health, energy levels, fatigability and performance of the nurses. The focus groups in these studies therefore address the effects of environment on tasks such as storage, delivery and medication ordering.

Summary

This article talks about two different consequences of nursing fatigue, which are active failures and latent condition. In the active failure is an active error such as the administration of wrong medication or a wrong dose. This has been attributive to the cognition of the human mind along with the thought process of the person. This has been linked to variables like increased noise and decreased light in the working conditions. Factors such as the training of the staff, communication and design of the patient room were ultimately linked to latent conditions, which includes the environment in which the nurses have to work, and the stress level that exists in their working environment. The buildup of staff stress or nursing burn out was also attributed to the attitudes and behavior of the physicians under who they are working.

This article is relevant to the project because it devises different reason for nursing fatigue. This study goes on to raise a new point that is directly linked to our topic. It can therefore provide us with various reasons that could be the culprit behind nursing fatigue. Even though our project is not concerned with nurses in the acute care setting, some variables can still be applied in the nursing homes as well.

Project

A need for this practicum project

Kohn et.al (2000) noted that every year 44,000 Americans die every year from preventable medical errors. The cost of these adverse events in only America has been estimated up to 37.6 billion dollars. The highest amongst all of these events are medication errors that involve dose errors, route errors, missed doses and duplicate errors (Bates et.al, 1995)

This clearly shows the problems that can occur if nursing fatigue is not controlled. As mentioned before, these errors are such that can be preventable. Even in the context of nursing homes, this problem is aggravating the condition. Already, theses elderly persons are suffering and any mistakes would further worsen their condition. Furthermore, the ratio to elderly persons to nurses in these nursing.....