Criminal Investigation A). Criminal Investigation Research Proposal

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This kind of evidence differs from circumstantial evidence. Circumstantial evidence attempts to prove some facts by attesting to or proving events or circumstances from which other occurrences may be reasonably inferred. It differs from direct evidence, which does not need reasonable inference to prove a fact.

A d) Relevant evidence attempts to prove or disprove any issue of fact, which has some consequence to a given case (FindLaw 2009). It is the opposite of competent evidence, Competent evidence is one that is admissible, relevant and material to the factuality of the issue.

A e) Non-competent evidence includes hearsay, privilege communication and illegally- seized evidence (FindLaw 2009). Hearsay is a statement given out-of-court and not under oath to serve as evidence of proof that what it states is true. Privileged communication is a private statement kept in confidence (Answers.com 2009). It cannot be used as evidence in court because it excludes or protects relevant facts from investigation. And illegally-seized evidence is inadmissible in court as it violates the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights. The Fourth Amendment protects the accused or a person against unreasonable searches and seizures by authorities. When unreasonably obtained, the evidence will be excluded from trial (Answers.com).

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