Mitosis and Meiosis Both Mitosis Essay

In meiosis the chromosomes are reduced in half, with the phases being: Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II. Finally, mitosis creates all other cells with the exception of sex cells, while meiosis creates egg and sperm cells only (Meiosis vs. Mitosis, 2008)

Phases -- Meiosis: 1) Meiosis 1 -- separates chromosomes in half; DNA is exchanged and chromosomes coil and uncoil and share information; 2) Metaphase 1 -- Chromosomes align along an equatorial plane; 3) Anaphase 1 -- Kinetochore (bipolar spindles) shorten and pull the chromosomes apart; 4) Telophase 1 -- the chromosomes arrive at the pole and each daughter cell has 1/2 the number of chromosomes; 5) Meiosis II -- final process in which chromosomes are pulled apart and form four haploid cells. Mitosis: 1) Interphase -- preparation for cell division by production of proteins; 2) Preprophase -- in plants only, there is preprophase to mark where cell will divide; 3) Prophase -- chromosomes become tight and condense; 4) Prometaphase -- the hook to catch chromatids that pull genetic material together; 5) Metaphase -- Pulling apart of chromosomes; 6) Anaphase -- elongation of cell in preparation of split; 7) Telophase -- cleans up the cell and elongates it more; 8) Cytokinesis -- completes cell division (Morgan, 2007).Errors -- Errors are usually rare in mitosis, but sometimes happen in divisions of the zygote. A chromosome may fail to separate, mutations may occur that cause abnormal growth (tumors, etc.) or translocation of information can occur. Errors in meiosis occur more often in egg formation and are typically more or less chromosomes than the organism requires. It is estimated that about 35% of all pregnancy failures are as a result of chromosomal abnormalities (How Chromosome Abnormalities Happen, 2012).

REFERENCES

How Chromosome Abnormalities Happen: Meiosis, Mitosis, Maternal Age, Environment. Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. Retrieved from: http://www.lpch.org/Disease HealthInfo/HealthLibrary/genetics/happen.html

Meiosis vs. Mitosis. (2008). Difference.com. Retrieved from: http://www.diffen.com / difference/Meiosis_vs_Mitosis

Groleau, R. (2001). How Cells Divide: Meiosis and Mitosis. PBS -- Life's Greatest Miracle. Reteived from: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/divide.html

Maton, a., et.al. (1997). Cells: Building Blocks of Life. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Morgan, D. (2007).….....