Controversy and Disagreement Have Plagued the World Case Study

controversy and disagreement have plagued the world of medical ethics, especially in terms of "dying with dignity." However, as physicians, we need to recognize that a patient needs dignity not only at the end of his or her life, but also during life, when being examined by a physician for particular complaints (Dresser, 2008). So, in the case of Mr. Hodor, I will have to take into account several aspects of his experience of dignity. First, he is very concerned about his health risks as a result of his family history. According to Dresser (2008), this fear needs to be addressed with as much understanding as possible. I will therefore begin the session by communicating with him about his fears and his reasons for these, as well as his concerns about his symptoms.

Patient privacy is part and parcel of ensuring dignity for the patient. Again, by communicating with Mr. Hodor on a dignified, adult level, I will explain that his records are both confidential and that he has the right to access them should he choose to do so (AMA, 2013). After communicating about all the facts, concerns, and questions about Mr. Hodor's visit, it is time for the physical examination.Since his shortness of breath is one of the most evident concerns, this will be the first focus of Mr. Hodor's physical examination. Specifically, this portion of the examination will focus on the patient's lungs. All lung fields will be examined for abnormal sounds such as crackling or wheezing. Since this is one of Mr. Hodor's primary concerns, and also likely related to his heart condition, it is expected that there will be at least a decrease in breathing sounds. I do not expect crackling or wheezing abnormalities, since the lungs are not the primary focus of the disease.

The rationale for the lung examination is that it could be directly related not only to Mr. Hodor's heart condition, but also to his chronic fatigue. This could impact heavily on his ability to remain both independent and employed.

The second examination to be given will be of the heart itself, by means of a full cardiac exam. All six areas will be examined by means of the stethoscope. The heart rate is….....