Capital Structure Decision and Cost of Capital In basic terms, capital structure has got to do with how companies finance their overall operations using various sources of funds. In this text, I recommend what is in my opinion the optimal capital structure for the three companies selected for purposes of this discussion. The companies that will be used for purposes of this discussion are: Alaska Air Group, the Clorox Group, and eBay.

Optimal Capital Structure: Analysis and Recommendations

In seeking to determine the optimal capital structure for each of the three firms, it would be prudent to rely on a number of factors including but not limited to each firm's profitability and liquidity, nature of industry, company characteristics, etc.

EBay

EBay is essentially one of the largest online retailers in the world. According to Yahoo Finance (2014), the company "provides online platforms, tools, and services to help individuals and merchants in online and mobile commerce and payments in the United States and internationally." On its website, the company points out that as of today, it has approximately 124 million customers and users scattered across the globe (eBay, 2014). Its key competitors include but they are not limited to Overstock.com Inc. And Amazon.com Inc. The company retails a wide range of items through its numerous segments.

Table 1: Key Financial Statement Items

Item

Value (in $)

Current assets

21,398,000

Long-term assets

15,676,000

Current liabilities

10,924,000

Long-term liabilities

5,285,000

Revenue

14,072,000

Note: All dollar figures are in thousands

Table 2: Financial Ratios

Ratio

Value

Debt-to-equity ratio

0.78

Profit margin

0.19

Return on assets

0.07

Return on equity

0.13

EBay has a debt to equity ratio of 0.78. This ratio, according to Graham and Smart (2011), attempts to measure the financial leverage of a firm. This, as the authors further point out, it does by focusing solely on the long-term debt of an entity. In that regard therefore, eBay deems it fit to finance a significant proportion of its operations and assets using equity as opposed to debt. Like is the case in the Retail Industry, the Catalog & Mail Order Industry does not face significant fluctuations with regard to sales. Indeed, within the last three financial years, eBay's sales have not experienced significant fluctuations. In that regard therefore, the company can be permitted to have a high degree of financial leverage. Based on the company's profitability -- as indicated by its return on equity, the company would not have trouble meeting interest payments. In that regard therefore, the company should consider increasing debt proportion in its capital structure so as to have an optimal capital structure.

The Clorox Group

The Clorox Group according...

Some of the company's key segments include the Cleaning Segment, Household Segment, and Lifestyle Segment (Yahoo Finance, 2014). Each of these segments offer a unique and specialized product. Some of the company's main competitors in the House wares and Accessories Industry include but they are not limited to Procter and Gamble and Colgate Palmolive Co.
Table 3: Key Financial Statement Items

Item

Value (in $)

Current assets

1,420,000

Long-term assets

2,891,000

Current liabilities

1,134,000

Long-term liabilities

3,031,000

Revenue

5,468,000

Note: All dollar figures are in thousands

Table 4: Financial Ratios

Ratio

Value

Debt-to-equity ratio

28.53

Profit margin

0.10

Return on assets

0.13

Return on equity

3.71

Given its relatively high debt to equity ratio, it is clear that this particular company has been extremely aggressive in financing its growth and operations using debt. In this case, the debt holders have many times more claim of the various assets of the company than equity holders. It is important to note that except for the year under consideration, the company has in the past had negative equity. Currently though, the company's interest payments are sufficiently covered given its impressive revenues. It should, however, be noted that the current debt load significantly limits just how much money can be spent on not only share repurchases but also on dividends. In my opinion, the company may need to shed off some of the leverage it carries on its balance sheet, as its debt ratio is -- in its current state, unacceptable.

Alaska Air Group

With its headquarters in SeaTac, Washington, this company, "through its subsidiaries, provides scheduled air transportation for passengers and cargo" (Yahoo Finance, 2014). Currently, the company has an impressive fleet that enables it to adequately serve its clientele in all the areas it serves. Some of its key competitors in the marketplace are Southwest Airlines Co. And Delta Air Lines Inc.

Table 5: Key Financial Statement Items

Item

Value (in $)

Current assets

1,737,000

Long-term assets

3,768,000

Current liabilities

1,501,000

Long-term liabilities

2,583,000

Revenue

4,657,000

Note: All dollar figures are in thousands

Table 6: Financial Ratios

Ratio

Value

Debt-to-equity ratio

2.87

Profit margin

0.07

Return on assets

0.06

Return on equity

0.22

Typically, companies in the airline industry usually have…