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He focused on the progressive replacement of " erotogenic zones in the body by others. This early biological organism of sexuality first looks for oral gratification by sucking at its mother's breast, which later will be replaced by other objects. At first, the infant is not able to recognize the distinction between itself and the breast, but it soon begins to see its mother as its first external love object. Freud would later argue that before the infant reaches this point of understanding, it is able to see its own self as a love object and develop into a narcissistic love of its personhood.
Once the child goes through this oral state during the second year of life, its erotic emphasis transfers to the anus. This is encouraged by the challenges of toilet training. The child's enjoyment from defecating comes into conflict with the need for self-control. The third phase of sexual development for the child, taking place from approximately the fourth to the sixth year of life is called phallic. The use of this term clearly showed Freud's male orientation to development, especially since he noted that its major concern at this point was " castration anxiety. Called the Oedipus complex after Oedipus Rex, it was Freud's contention that it is the desire of every male child to sleep with his mother and eliminate his father, or the obstacle to that ultimate goal. (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Freud's theory of the sexual development and difficulty of finding a means of finding a middle road between conflicting sexual interests led to his psychoanalytic...
The goal is to re-establish a harmonious relationship among the id, ego and superego that constitute the mind by drawing out and resolving unconscious repressed conflicts.
It takes a long time to treat a patient through psychoanalysis or one-on-one talk therapy, between the patient and psychiatrist, due to the challenges associated with going back in time in one's mind and relating to people and actions in the past as a means of coming to terms with the present, this approach continues to be used in some instances. For example, someone may have to recall a traumatic situation as a childhood before he or she can get over psychological neuroses. Because of this, psychiatrists are now joining other forms of psychology with psychiatry to speed up the process. For example a number of doctors are combining cognitive therapy with psychoanalysis, which helps the individual recall the incident or "believed" incident in the past and deal with it in the future.
Allen, B.P. (2000). Personality theories: Development, growth, and diversity. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Nye, R.D. (1981). Three psychologies: Perspectives from Freud, Skinner, and Rogers. Values Development Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 23, 2008. http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/freud.htm#H5
World Book Encyclopedia Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.worldbook.com
Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.britannica.com
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 23, 2008. http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/freud.htm#H5
World Book Encyclopedia Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.worldbook.com
Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved April 23, 2008 www.britannica.com
This means that other aspects which could be affecting the mood of the individual (such as: a chemical imbalance) are overlooked. This is when the chances rise of some kind of misdiagnosis taking place. As a result, the strengths of this theory will provide everyone with a basic background. However, it cannot be applied to every situation involving patients. Instead, only select elements will offer a better understanding of
And moreover, the virtues that had been "automatically" accorded to Freud over the years -- "clinical acumen, wisdom in human affairs, dedication to his patients and to the truth" -- are now obscured by the skepticism that has come due to the deep questioning and investigation over time (Kramer, 1998, pp. 199-200). That skepticism among scholars has also been brought on by a lack of "accord" between what Freud
Freud Civilization and Its Discontents Humankind strives for happiness, but according to Sigmund Freud, the creation of civilization as a means to further this goal has instead generated unhappiness. In his book Civilization and its Discontents, Freud asserts the happiness of the individual is often sublimated to the need for civilization to establish law and order. People have an instinctual desire for absolute freedom which includes a need to be sexually
Prevos (2005) further states, "…A person's identity is formed through a series of personal experiences, which reflect how the individual is perceived by both him or herself and the outside world -- the phenomeno-logical field. Individuals also have experiences of which they are unaware and the phenomenological field contains both conscious and unconscious perceptions. The concept of the self is, according to Rogers, however, primarily conscious. The most important determinants
Freud Concepts of Instincts, Drives Desires, instincts, and drives are central to Freud's psychoanalytical theory. Although Sigmund Freud altered his theories throughout the course of his career, the core concepts of instincts and drives remain relatively constant. Freud first expressed the basic human instincts as being hunger and sex. Later, his theories matured, and Freud deeply analyzed the nature of human sexual drives. In his writings, Freud focused much on the
Some, such as Carl Jung, reconceived the nature of the unconscious, while others, such as Melanie Klein, replaced drives or instincts with interpersonal ("object") relations as the pivot of the psyche. Others, such as Alfred Adler, placed relatively greater emphasis than Freud did on the ego, while lessening the emphasis on the sexual drives. In Freud's wake, many varieties of talking therapy were created, some ultimately with little connection to