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Ethnic Diversity and Democracy
Both India and Nigeria had been under British rule for generations. As the sun fell on the British Empire, both eventually gained their independence. However, this independence reached limited initial success and came about very differently in both regions. Before eventually entering a democratic style of government, Nigeria was ruled by military forces after the British pulled out. Slowly, it has come to become more of a democratic nation. On the other hand, India has seen more success in its move to democracy, despite some problems. After independence in 1947, only about three passed before India molded into a democratic nation.
Nigeria achieved its independence from the British in 1960. After the British left their African colony, the country was thrown into military rule for the next thirty years. Initially, several different power houses opted to create their own nations. Divisions sprouted between the Muslim and Christian majorities within the small African nation. Corrupted democratic elections led to military overthrows which dominated the political scene until the 1990's. Skirmishes broke out between the eastern and western portions of Nigeria, and the country was in violent upheaval for several generations. In the 1970's the first major military regime collapsed and there was a brief return to democracy. However, a new military power returned and took control until 1998. Democracy returned to Nigeria in the election of 1999, and the country has remained a democratic nation ever since, despite long rooted divisions still tormenting parts of the nation.
In 1950, three years after the British left India, an Indian constitution was drafted to ensure the nation would remain in democratic hands. The initial formation of the independent state stipulated on the split between India and Pakistan. Pakistan was a region which was largely Muslim, in contrast to the majority of Hindus in mainland India. After the constitution was written in 1950, India has had its fair share of ethnic divisions and conflicts which threatened its ties to democracy. India's constant conflict with Pakistan has also been a source of violence and strife. However, despite such conflicts, India has held on to its democratic ideals and original 1950 constitution and formulation of government figures. In comparison to the thirty years of military rule seen in Nigeria, India has held on to their democratic traditions.
Democracy, Multiple Intelligence, Art Project Site and Participants The project that this research is based on took place at Pantera Elementary School in Diamond Bar, California. The school population comprises approximately 200 students and twelve teachers. The ethnic make-up of Pantera is as follows: 36.8% Asian, 19.8% Hispanic, 35.9% White, 2.9% Filipino,.5% Pacific Islander and.4% American Indian/Alaskan. Neighborhoods within Pantera's boundaries are middle- and upper-middle class, with some new, upscale housing. Pantera
Yet its democracy has passed the test of time. The main reason for this is the rise of a pluralist nationalism in the country. In reaction to the colonialism of the time, the anti-colonial Indian National Congress was founded as representative of all cultures in the country unified against colonialism. This paradigm remained as an essential cornerstone of the compromises that had to be made to legitimize the pluralist paradigm
Timmons (1994) in his study presents a three-dimensional model of practical application of a good idea: Comprehensive evaluation of the opportunity; Comprehensive evaluation of one's own expertise and inclination; and Comprehensive evaluation of the resources gathering process to maintain the launch of business venture. Long and McMullan (1984) propose that application of a good idea depends on two processes; namely, elaboration and evaluation. Singh (1998) found that those entrepreneurs who spend more
This of course is easier said than done as currently most ethnic and sub-ethnic groups are simply seeking recognition and voice of their own identity, one that was subverted by the British colonial dictates of an organized and orderly nation, able to be easily run from just a few regional seats. Higazi notes that in central Nigeria another example of an age old social and political tradition previously serving to
Cultural Diversity in United Arab Emirates Organizations The purpose of the proposed study will be to evaluate the current levels of cultural diversity in United Arab Emirates (UAE) public and private sector organizations and their implications for UAE culture. The proposed study will be guided by the following research questions: What have been the recent trends in economic diversification in the UAE? Is it possible to formulate optimal diversity levels for a given country? Can
Indeed, even the most outspoken critics of law enforcement will likely be the first to dial "9-1-1" when their homes are being burglarized or members of their families are being attacked, but the fact remains that many police department remain primarily white and male in composition. The impetus for effecting substantive changes in the composition of the nation's police forces will therefore need to be mandated in order for