S., France and publicity, Chad was able to renegotiate more favorable contracts with the Bank, expropriate over $450 million in taxes from the private Consortium firms which they claim they had already paid, under the threat of replacement with Chinese firms. Global oil prices spiked, and Chad cleared over $1 billion in revenues in the last year of the Bank's project in 2008. Much of this increased income coincided at

Internal migration in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a multifaceted phenomenon characterized by the movement of individuals or groups within the country for various reasons including employment, education, environmental changes, or social factors. Unlike international migration, internal migration involves relocating within the same national boundaries, and in the case of PNG, it often reflects the shifting dynamics between rural and urban areas (Connell, 2016). Papua New Guinea's diverse topography, coupled with

Nursing Theory Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care: Background. Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care began during the 1950s, when she developed a fascination with anthropology. While she was studying at the University of Cincinnati, she discussed this fascination and how it might influence her work as a professional nurse with visiting professor Margaret Mead (Munoz, 2012). Particularly, she was interested in acknowledging cultural differentiation factors in her nursing practice. She found many

"In the case of arms trafficking," they advise, "there are arms dealers eager to sell AK-47s to conflict zones all over the world. There are shipping and air transport services willing and able to transport the weapons to warlords who are destabilizing much of West Africa. The warlords trade diamonds for guns, and the arms brokers and transporters in turn launder the diamonds with brokers in Antwerp and deposit

Then they need to present the change to the employees as being realistic, reliable and measurable. There needs to be milestones set so that as the change process progresses the employees can see that the work that they are doing is actually accomplishing the goals that have been set forth. 8. What characteristics of Dr. Mimi Silbert, leader of the Delancey Street Foundation, make her approach to change so innovative

Global Refugee Regime Seems to Be Veering Away From Traditional Rules As the threat of war looms large, the situation of those displaced because of violence and fights is becoming the focal point of talks amidst humanitarian groups. Many wrote about the situation in Afghanistan. The last many years have brought about quite a lot of enormous "refugee movements and humanitarian emergencies." More than 50 million people have been displaced by