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They are said to be used before or together with actual speech production treatment. The evaluation found that these methods and procedures are questionable in matters concerning the implied cause of developmental speech sound disorders, the neurophysiologic differences between the limbs and oral musculature, the development of new theories of movement and movement control, and the sparseness of research on these methods and procedure (Ruscello).
Neuromuscular Treatments
A review of the theoretical foundation for these treatments revealed limited empirical support to validate its use (Clark, 2003). It also showed that clinicians did not have sufficient foundational knowledge to judge the reliability of these treatment strategies. The treatment strategies consisted of strength training to alleviate dysarthria and/or dysphagia. Their theoretical foundations included active exercises, passive exercises, and physical modalities. The techniques address neuromuscular impairments in the limb muscles. They were to be applied to speech and swallow muscles. The key issues set up were the selection of treatment targets, specific training, progression and recovery. The factors claimed to influence the potential effectiveness of passive exercises and physical modalities and additional issues that contributed to the controversy concerning oral motor therapies were presented and investigated (Clark).
Support Research on Speech Language Pathology
This research assessed the effectiveness of the intervention delivered by speech and language pathologists to children with disarthric speech, which developed from acquired brain injury (Morgan & Vogel, 2008). Acquired brain injury or ABI spans etiologies, which include cerebrovascular accident, brain tumor, and traumatic brain injury. ABI is a common cause of disability among children and frequently associated with dysarthria. The authors reviewed literature at Central, Medline, Cinahl, Embase, and Eric databases from 1972 to 2007. From the gathered literature, the research group considered randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental design studies of children 13-16 years old and with acquired dysarhtria. They were groups by etiology. Each author separately assessed the titles and abstracts for relevance and then chose all potentially relevant articles. Only 3 were selected from 2,091 titles and abstracts identified....
The rest did not include dysarhtia in their discussion and were diagnostic or descriptive papers and concerning adults rather than children. Some sources were excluded for not using RCT or quasi-randomized method. Five were again identified and taken from the bibliography of the Murdock 1999 paper. All were excluded as they did not include research populations without ABI, adults with dysathria or an inappropriate design. No studies met the criteria. The authors concluded the lack of critical studies that addressed the effective treatment of dysarthria in children with ABI. The lack may be because of a lack of data or understanding of its history, lack of diagnostic classification system and the heterogeneity of etiologies and the pediatric types of dysarthria (Morgan & Vogel).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ashley, J., et al. (2006). Speech, language, and swallowing disorders in the older adult.
Vol 22, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine: NYU Langone Medical Center. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 fro http://www.med.myu.edu/pmr/residency/resources.atrokeandbraininjury/swallowingdisorders.pdf
Clark, H.M. (2003). Neuromuscular treatments for speech and swallowing: a tutorial.
Vol 12 # 4, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology: PubMed. Retrieved on December 4, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14658992
Ganty, G. et al. (2012). The role of speech-language-pathologist in rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation in MS: National Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2012 from http://www.rims.be/Documents/theroleofspeechandlanguagepathologist.pdf
Morgan, a.T. And Vogel, a.P. (008). Intervention for dysarthria associated with acquired injury in children and adolescents. Vol. 16 # 3 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: PubMed. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18646143
Melfi, R.S., et al. (2011). Communication disorders. Medscape: Medscape, Inc.
Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://www.medscape.com/article/317758-overview
Ruscello, D.M. (2008). Non-speech oral motor treatment issues related to children with developmental speech sound disorders. Vol 39 # 3 Language, Speech and Hearing
Services in Schools: PubMed. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://lshss.asha.org/cgi/content/short/39/3/380
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ashley, J., et al. (2006). Speech, language, and swallowing disorders in the older adult.
Vol 22, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine: NYU Langone Medical Center. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 fro http://www.med.myu.edu/pmr/residency/resources.atrokeandbraininjury/swallowingdisorders.pdf
Clark, H.M. (2003). Neuromuscular treatments for speech and swallowing: a tutorial.
Vol 12 # 4, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology: PubMed. Retrieved on December 4, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14658992
Ganty, G. et al. (2012). The role of speech-language-pathologist in rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation in MS: National Center. Retrieved on December 3, 2012 from http://www.rims.be/Documents/theroleofspeechandlanguagepathologist.pdf
Morgan, a.T. And Vogel, a.P. (008). Intervention for dysarthria associated with acquired injury in children and adolescents. Vol. 16 # 3 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: PubMed. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18646143
Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://www.medscape.com/article/317758-overview
Services in Schools: PubMed. Retrieved on December 2, 2012 from http://lshss.asha.org/cgi/content/short/39/3/380
For patients whose primary concern is a loss of language abilities due to loss of cognitive abilities therapies to help improve cognitive function will be combined with exercises that ask the patient to perform various language tasks. Speech and language therapy is only a small portion of the many different specialists that any patient with a CNS dysfunction will need. Aphasia Aphasia is the result of damage to the language centers of
educationists and teachers in the classroom today is identifying and dealing with children who have a speech, language or communication impairment, which negatively impacts on learning.. Many children find it difficult to understand how conversation works or don't make use of language at all. There are different terms used to describe specific speech and language difficulties, including "phonological difficulties, articulation difficulties, verbal dyspraxia, dysarthria, semantic pragmatic disorder, Asperger Syndrome
This may consist of arising and seating in chairs securely. Following the progressive characteristics of this illness, all people gradually lose their capability simply to move and will need to advance and use a wheelchair. References Burbank, P.M. (2006). Vulnerable older adults: Health care needs and interventions. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Donaldson, I.M., & Marsden, C.D. (2011). Marsden's book of movement disorders. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Egerton, T., Williams, D. & Iansek,
, 2010). In addition, small frequent feeds, and a large amount of fluid is provided to maintain the nutritional needs of the patient and prevent dehydration. The r suctioning of secretions proves necessary in preventing aspiration of secretions. The loss of voluntary muscle's activity increases the risks of accumulation of secretions hence, the need for regular suctioning. Bulbar involvement often results in communication complications such as dysarthria and muscle paralysis of
Stroke is widely regarded one of the leading causes of deaths in the U.S. Indeed, recent statistical figures paint a grim picture with regard to the number of people who suffer a stroke in the U.S. each year. In basic terms, strokes are triggered by an interruption of blood flow into the brain. In this text, I concern myself with the physiological processes associated with stroke. In so doing, I
The most frequent symptom is difficulty in walking or gait ataxia (Unicorn Self-Help Committee 2000), which spreads slowly to the arms and the trunk. Foot deformities, such as clubfoot, flexion of the toes or foot inversion are other early signs. In time, muscles weaken and waste, especially the muscles in the feet, lower legs and hands and, at this time, deformities s begin to show. Other symptoms are the loss