Julian Rotter: Social Learning Theory and Locus ControlAlternative Theoretical Positions and ApplicationSocial learning theory, also known as Julian Rotter�s theory of personality and social learning theory, posits that an individual�s behavior is a product of the interplay between personal factors and environmental influences. According to Rotter, personal factors include both internal (e.g., thoughts, emotions) and external (e.g., reinforcement) variables, while environmental influences refer to the situational or contextual factors in

Confirmation Bias and How it Can Affect People across Age GroupsIntroductionConfirmation bias is a cognitive bias where people tend to search for, interpret, and recall information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or values, while ignoring or discounting contradictory evidence (Lee et al., 2022). This bias can lead to flawed decision-making, polarization, and overconfidence. Despite being a well-known phenomenon, confirmation bias remains an active area of research, especially regarding its underlying

Cognitive dissonance is disharmony manifested within the human mind, and is quite annoying. Eliot and Devine (1994) sought out to prove that this dissonance that brings us to a disagreeable state of mind is essentially motivation processes at work. More importantly however their work suggested, and to some degree proved, that this mental stress can be effectively reduced by some sort of reduction strategy. For myself self-affirmations, as suggested by

They believe Norwegians have a reputation for being open-minded, respectful, and appreciative of multicultural existence and influence. Breivik's actions made other Norwegians experience cognitive dissonance by behaving outside of the conceptions of Norwegian personalities, behavior, and culture. Again, Breivik does not experience social comparison theory. His self-esteem has not been negatively affected or diminished by being apprehended by Norwegian authorities. He is not altering any behaviors or attitudes. Again, other

Attitude Including Cognitive Dissonance and Other Factors Cognitive dissonance and situational constraints: Effects on attitude Cognitive dissonance is defined as "the feeling of uncomfortable tension which comes from holding two conflicting thoughts in the mind at the same time" (Straker 2012). An excellent example of cognitive dissonance is when someone is prejudiced and encounters a person who defies the stereotypes they have attached to the group. It also occurs when we

Their reaction to the deviations of others from expectancy depends on what they have to lose or gain...how we react to violations depend on reward value, or what we expect to get from the relationship. Thus a man is likely to react more positively towards an attractive younger woman standing close than a larger man from an out-group" (Expectancy violations theory, 2008, Changing Minds). I have noticed that irate