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The results of Pavlov's experiment indicate that responses to certain stimuli are learned, and that we make connections which can cause responses from a naturally occurring stimulus to be elicited by a neutral stimulus. In the above example, the food is the unconditioned stimulus, and the unconditioned response is salivating to the food, because food naturally results in salivating. A ringing bell does not naturally cause dogs to salivate, therefore before conditioning; the bell is the neutral stimulus. However, when the dog learns to associate the bell with food, the bell becomes the conditioned stimulus, and salivating to the bell is the conditioned response. This is called a conditioned relationship.
K-mart shoppers and the blue light special is a good example of classical conditioning in people. Shoppers will naturally buy sale items because they are sold at a lower price, and shoppers are getting more for their money. Many times, shoppers will purchase items on sale, which they wouldn't otherwise purchase because they have learned that they are buying something at a cheaper price, and getting a good deal. This results in shoppers feeling good about spending their money, and associating the good feeling with a sale.
Presenting a flashing blue light along with a sale is a way of conditioning shoppers to associate...
Essentially, needing an item is an unconditioned stimulus, and buying the item is an unconditioned response. We need something, and we buy it. However, when the item is on sale, shoppers feel good about purchasing the item, because they have gotten a "good deal."
K-Mart began announcing sales in their stores by flashing a blue light above the sale item, and announcing the sale over the store loud speakers. Shoppers would flock to the blue light and purchase the sale items. The shoppers would feel good about their purchase because they bought an item on sale. When K-Mart repeatedly presented a flashing blue light along with sale items, shoppers began to associate the good feeling of buying something on sale with the flashing blue light. Therefore, the flashing blue light is initially a neutral stimulus. However, after being paired with the sales many times, the flashing blue light becomes the conditioned stimulus, buying the items that are associated with the flashing blue light becomes the conditioned response. Shoppers are conditioned to buy the items that are associated with the flashing blue light, even though it may not be a good deal at all. In this example the conditioned relationship is the blue light special, and shoppers purchasing the sale items.
Since phobia can be developed through classical conditioning, many experts reason that the same conditioning techniques would be useful in helping people get over their phobia. Phobics usually manage their fears by avoiding the objects that make them fearful. However, many psychologists maintain that avoidance merely magnifies the phobia. The task is therefore to expose the person to the feared object, to condition them to respond to the object in an
Classical Conditioning Discuss the four basic phenomena of classical conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the most famous forms of behavioral 'learning.' It is epitomized in the experiment of Pavlov's dog. The dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell because the dog associated eating with that particular noise. "Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex" (Cherry 2011). The signal is located in the
Classical Conditioning Marketers make extensive use of classical conditioning techniques. In brief, classical conditioning combines a stimulus with an unconditioned response and a stimulus with no conditioned response. Through repetition of this combination, it is expected that eventually the stimulus that previously had no response would now have a response, that being the conditioned response (PsychPost, 2012). Through the use of these techniques, marketers elicit specific responses in consumers. Repetition is
Conditioning The Theory of Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov is credited with developing the theory of classic conditioning. His experiments using dogs helped to describe the phenomenon of behavior and presented practical applications for its use. Conditioning is a training regimen of sorts that allows the brain to process information and make new associations due to different stimulus and the environment. This is important due to the fact of predicting behavior being useful
Classical Conditioning The subject of conditioning is something that has been established and proven for quite some time. Many point solely or at least mainly to Pavlov's Dog. However, there is a litany of other examples and situations that can be identified as conditioning and thus are worthy of further review. Even though Pavlov will not be the focus in this report, Pavlov did set the tone for what was picked
But if "Pavlovian techniques can be used to induce fear, then it is likely that they can be used to remove fears," which would have been a more ethical version of the experiment, than essentially dooming the boy to a lifetime of phobias, and perhaps even teaching a young child his first taste of fear. Instead, Watson and Rayner could have found a child who was afraid of a